LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
SECOND SERIES: PULMOIS VTA.
MANUAL
OF
ONCHOLOGY;
STRUCTURAL AND SYSTEMATIC,
WITH. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SPECIES.
BY GEORGE W, TRYON, JR.
CONTINUED BY
HENRY A. PILSBRY.
CONSERVATOR OF THE CONCHOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATITRAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. VIII.
HELICID^E, Vol. VI.
PHILADELPHIA : Published by the Conehological Section,
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, COR. IQTH AND RACE STS. 1892.
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS
BINDER & KELLY, PRINTERS, 518 AND'SZO MINOR STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
In the present volume the description and illustration of the Helicoid land mollusks will be completed. The first part (Part 29) will continue and complete the account of the genus Cochlostyla. The following part will contain additional species of Helix, being a supplement to volumes III, IV, V, VI and VII. The two parts remaining will contain a guide to the groups of Helices, a resume of the anatomy of the group, and an Index to the species described in volumes II to VIII of the MANUAL.
For the constant sympathy, advice and criticism of correspondents, as well as for valuable information and specimens, the author is deeply grateful. Special thanks are due to Mr. Charles Hedley of Sydney, N. S. \V. ; to Mr. John Ponsonby of London, Mr. H. Suter, in New Zealand, Dr. J. C. Cox, Sydney, and to Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, Ohio.
H. A. P.
MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.
FAMILY HELICIDJS, Vol. VI.
Genus COCHLOSTYLA Fer. (Continued.) Section ORTHOSTYLUS Beck.
This section formed the subject of the last pages of the preceding volume of the MANUAL, the larger species having been illustrated and described in that place. The forms to be discussed below lead from the more topical manifestations of Orthostylus toward the section named by v. Martens " Cochlostylse elongatse " or Hypselo- styla.
C. NUX Semper. Vol. VII, pi. 36, fig. 34.
Im perforate, elongate-globose, the apex very obtuse ; solid, obliquely distinctly striated and regularly malleated ; unicolored rufous, covered with a brown cuticle. Whorls 5, convex, the last much inflated, as long as the spire. Columella somewhat straight- ened, white, excavated ; aperture somewhat ear-shaped ; peristome narrowly reflexed, pale violet colored within. (Semp.~)
Alt. 44, diam. 39 ; alt. of aperture 24, width 18 mill.
Mountain- district of Northeastern Luzon.
C. ( Orthostylus') mix SEMPER, Reis. Archip. Phil., Landmoll. p. 204, t. 10, f. 2.
The exact locality is not known. The species is said by Semper to be quite near to C. juglans, but differs in contour and especially in the malleations upon the last whorl.
* Group of C. mus.
Ovate or turbinate, dull colored species, covered with hydroph- anous cuticle, which is nearly uniform or streaked in the direction of growth lines only.
(5)
6 COCIILOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS.
C. MUS Broderip. PL 1, figs. 1, 2.
Imperforate, ovate-conoid, solid. Ground color reddish-brown, becoming light on the spire ; covered with a white or cream-white hydrophanous cuticle which would be uniform except that it is usually much worn into oblique streaks, often having some spirals near the periphery. Aperture as long as the spire.
The spire is bluntly conoidal, apex obtuse; whorls 5<1, the last a little descending in front. Aperture quite oblique, white or deli- cate lilac inside; peristome thick, reflexed, edged with dark brown ; columella wide, white, arcuate above, obliquely truncated below.
Alt. 48, diam. 35 mill. ; oblique alt. of aperture 29 mill.
Philippines.
Bulinus mus BROD. (in sched. Cuming) DELESSERT, Recueil, t. 39, f. 12.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. f. 10.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab. Bui. t. 52, f. 5, 6; Monogr. ii, p. 17.
It is a much less conoidal, narrower shell than C. ticaonica, wider than C. leucophcea. The oblique altitude of the aperture is about equal to or exceeds the length of the spire, whilst in C. leucophcea the spire is decidedly longer.
C. LEUCOPHCEA Sowerby. PI. 1, figs. 7, 8.
Imperforate, ovate-conoidal, solid. Ground color dark brown, becoming yellowish on the spire, then whitish, the apex faint brown ; covered with a white or brownish hydrophanous cuticle which shows a blackish band at the periphery, and usually an irregular series of eroded spots above, somewhat as in C. fenestrata and C. curia.
Spire elevated, obtuse ; whorls 6, the last slightly or not descend- ing in front. Aperture oblique, white inside; peristome thick, reflexed, brown-edged ; columella wide, white, obliquely truncated below.
Alt. 47, diam. 30 mill. ; oblique alt. of aperture, with peristome 25 mill.
Alt. 44, diam. 28 mill.
8. Nicolas, Nueva Ecija and Candon, Ylocos, Luzon, Philippines.
Helix leucophcea Sow., P. Z. S. 1841, p. 18. — DELESSERT, Rec- ueil t. .",!), f. 1.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. Bui. t. 10, f. 50.— PFK., Conchyl. Cab. Bui. t. 52, f. 4 ; Monogr. ii, p. 5. — Cochlostyla (Ortho- stylus') leucophcRd SEMPER, Reis. Landmoll. p. 206, t. 13, f. 5 ; t. 18, f. 20 (anatomy).
COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS. 7
This species is allied to C. mus, but differs notably in being narrower, with longer spire and smaller aperture. The style of coloring reminds one of C. fenestrata and C. curia (p. 192 of the preceding volume), and its true systematic position is still an open question with me. See also Semper's remarks upon this species. C. leucophcea differs from all forms of C. metajormis and rustica in the dark-edged lip.
C. GLAUCOPHTHALMA Pfeiffer. PI. 1, fig. 3.
Shell imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, striatulate ; black-chestnut with a streaked brown-ashen hydrophanous cuticle. Spire convex- conoid, the apex dark blue, obtuse ; suture impressed ; whorls 5, a little convex, the last shorter than the spire, obsoletely angulated at the base. Columella somewhat sloping, dilated, flat, white, some- what toothed at the base. Aperture oblique, truncate-oval, livid inside ; peristome simple, very slightly expanded, the right margin bowed. (P/r.)
Alt. 36, diam. 25 mill. ; aperture, alt. 19, width 14.
Philippines (Cuming).
Bulimus glaucophthalmus PFR., P. Z. S. 1851, p. 255 ; Conchyl. Cab. Bui. p. 89, t. 31, f. 1, 2 ; Monogr. iii, p. 297.
I have not seen this species. It seems to be allied to C. mus and leucophcea in contour, and to C. satyrus var. cyanocephala in color pattern.
C. SECKENDORFFIANA Pfeiffer. Vol. VII, pi. 37, fig. 49.
Imperforate, turbinate, solid, somewhat glabrous, shining, chest- nut-tawny. Spire elevated, apex obtuse, blue. Whorls 5, convex, the last ventricose, not descending in front, the base chestnut-black- ish. Columella oblique, wide, white, the base subdeutate. Aper- ture rounded-subtetragonal, whitish inside ; peristome subexpanded, brown-edged, the basal margin narrowly reflexed, forming an angle with the columella. Alt. 32, greater diam. 34, lesser 29 mill.
Philippine Is. ? (Seckendorff coll.)
Helix seclcendorffiana PFR., Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1847, p. 12 ; Con- chyl. Cab. p. 308, t. 52, f. 7, 8 ; Monogr. i, p. 220.
This species may belong to the section Calocochlea, in the neigh- borhood of C. dimera, etc. It is known to me by the description and figures only. *
OOCHLO8TYLA-OBTHOSTYLUS,
C. SOLIDA Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 60.
Imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, obliquely striated. Deep red- dish, irregularly streaked with brown-white cuticle. Spire conic, pale above ; whorls 7, scarcely convex, the last a little shorter than the spire. Columella straight, subintorted at the base ; aperture ear-shaped, subeffuse laterally, whitish within ; peristome rather thick, narrowly expanded, reddish-black inside ; margins joined by a thin, wide callus. (Pfr.^)
Alt. 84, diam. 40 ; aperture, alt. 41, width 25 mill.
Luzon, Philippines.
Bui. solidus PFR., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 152 ; Monogr. ii, p. 28.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 2, f. 9.
There is a Calocochlea of the same name, but later in date (0. solida Pfr., MANUAL vol. vii, p. 153); but it will probably prove to be a mere variety or synonym of C. roissyana.
Group of C. pictor.
Ovate species, generally covered with a creamy hydrophanous cuticle, which is varied by oblique or zigzag stripes.
C. PICTOR Broderip. PI. 4, figs. 38, 39, 40, 41.
Imperforate, oblong-conical, varying from ventricose to elongated ; solid. Ground color chestnut-brown, becoming purple on the earlier whorls, or rarely becoming paler on the spire. Covered with an opaque white cuticle which is variously marked with irreg- ular stripes of the ground-color, these dark stripes often interrupted and frequently absent on the latter half of the body whorl. The light cuticle is eroded in front of the aperture.
Spire elevated, apex obtuse; whorls 5?, the earlier ones purple (rarely light brown), spirally striated. Aperture purplish inside, oblique; peristome narrowly reflexed, dark purple-brown. Colu- mella vertical, white.
Alt. 46, diam. 28, oblique alt. of aperture 24 mill.
Alt. 37, diam. 26, oblique alt. of aperture 22 mill.
Painty, Philippines.
i>!dor BROD., P. Z. S. 1840, p. 120. — Bu/imn.« pictor , Kn-ut'il t. 39, f. 11. — PFR., Symbolse ii, p. 'I!) ; Monogr. ii, ]>. -'51.— PH. in 1'Y-r. Hist. t. 154, f. 14-17.— KKKVK, Conch. Icon, t. 4, f. 19; t. 10, f. 19. — Jinlimii* Inhropurpureus GRAT., Actes Soc. Linn. Bord. xi, p. 418, t. 4, f. 4.
COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS.
This species differs from C. ventricosa midfulgetnnn in having a dark purple-brown lip, as well as in some peculiarities of color pattern, and in the usually purple apical whorls. I have never seen specimens with dark-banded ground color (save a narrow colu- mellar band), and this will probably prove another distinctive char- acter. The variation in contour, as well as in size is considerable. Fig. 38 is drawn from the most globose specimen before me, fig. 41 from one of the most slender.
C. SOLIVAGA Keeve. PI. 3, fig. 30.
Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, rather thick, slightly ventri- cose, not umbilicated ; whorls 6, smooth ; columella a little thick- ened, arched ; lip reflected. Deep chestnut-purple, covered through- out with a whitish hydrophanous epidermis. (Eve.}
Philippine Is.
Bulimus solivagus REEVE, Conch. Icon. pi. 74, f. 531, 1849. — PFR., Mon. iii, p. 296.
This species is known by the original example only. It is prob- ably allied to C. pictor.
The description of Pfeiffer is as follows ; Imperforate, turrited- oblong, solid, black-chestnut, covered with an ashy-white cuticle which is here and there streakedly interrupted. Spire elongate- conic, apex obtuse, chestnut. Whorls 5=}, a little convex, the last a little shorter than the spire, obsoletely angled, the base nude. Columella rather straightened, narrow, fiat, pale lilac. Aperture oblique, lunate-oval, livid-lilac inside; peristome simple, subex- panded, lilac colored. Alt. 42, diam. 33 ; aperture, alt. 22, width 14 mill. (P/r.)
C. LEOPARDUS Pfeiffer. PL 1, fig. 9.
Imperforate, ovate, rather solid, longitudinally closely costulate- striate ; tawny, elegantly variegated with spots and stripes of whit- ish hydrophanous cuticle. .Spire short, conoid, pellucid above ; whorls 5, convex, rapidly increasing, the last longer than the spire. Columella long. Aperture very large, rounded-oval, white inside ; peristome widely expanded, a little reflexed, edged with chestnut.
Alt. 47, diam. 30 ; aperture alt. 30, width 22 mill. (P/r.)
Philippines.
B. leopardus PFR., P. Z. S. 1845, p. 67 ; Monogr. ii, p. 26.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 10, f. 51.
10 COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS.
Evidently a more ventricose species than 6'. pictor, ventricosa or fulgetnim,
My valued correspondent John Ponsonby, of London, suggests that C. codonensis Hidalgo, figured on pi. 53, fig. 37 of the preced- ing volume of the MANUAL, is closely allied or possibly identical with this species. Having seen neither, I cannot decide the point.
C. VENTRICOSA Chemnitz. PI. 3, figs. 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31.
Imperforate, ventricose, oblong-conoid, solid. Ground color a tawny yellowish-brown, somewhat darker beneath, and frequently having a dark band at periphery, with narrower bands at columella and below the suture. Sometimes having no other pattern, but typically covered with a creamy hydrophanous cuticle which is cut into wide longitudinal bands by narrow, zigzag stripes of the ground color. The dark stripes are usually bordered on one side by opaque creamy stripes of equal width, the hydrophanus cuticle being thinner over the rest of the surface.
Spire elevated, conical, apex rather obtuse. Whorls 61. Aper- ture elliptical, oblique, blue-white inside ; peristome expanded, reflexed, white ; columella vertical, rounded.
Alt. 50, diam. 32 ; aperture, oblique alt. 29 mill.
Alt. 55, diam. 32 ; aperture, oblique alt. 31 mill.
Alt. 58, diam. 30 ; aperture, oblique alt. 29 mill.
Guimaras, Philippines.
Bulla ventricosa CHEMNITZ, Conchyl. Cab. ix, pt. 2, p. 1, t. 117, f. 1007, 1008 ; Das bauchicfite BlasenschnecTce CHEMN., L c. p. 16, 1786. — Bulimus ventricosus BRUG., Encycl. Moth, i, p. 365. — PFR., Symb. iii, p. 88 ; Conchyl. Cab. t, 58, f. 1-4 ; Monogr. ii, p. 30.— PHIL., Abbild. iii, Bui t. 7, figs. 1, 5, 6, §.—Bul.frater FER., Hist, t. 112, f. 1, 2.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 6, f. 25.— 7?. nobilis Rvi-:., Conch. Icon. t. 5, f. 20. — B. guimarasensis RVE., Conch. Icon. t. 6, f. 24 ; Dn. in I-Y-r. Hist, iv, t. 157, f. 9-12.— B. decoratus FER., I. c. t. 112, f. 3, 4.
This is a most variable species, approaching C-fulgetrum in color and form, but distinguished from it by having a darker ground color and in having the hydrophanous stripes much wider, when pres- ent. It differs from C. pictor in having the lip invariably white ; from all forms of C. satyr us in being more ventricose and an lacking a suhsutural border.
The color varieties may be classified as follows :
COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS. 1 1
1. Typical ventricosa (pi. 3, figs. 25, 28). Ground color olive- brown or tawny-yellowish, having dark bauds at periphery, above and below the suture, and usually around the columella. Hydroph- anous creamy cuticle generally well developed. The following fig- ures represent this variety : Chemnitz, pi. 117, f. 1007, 1008 (the hydrophanous coat had been worn from the specimen figured) ; Conchyl. Cab. pi. 58, f. 1, 2 ; Conch. Icon. pi. 5, fig. 206 ; Abbild. u. Beschreib. iii, Bui. pi. 7, fig. 9. Other forms of the typical var- iety have the dark bands very faint or lacking (pi. 3, figs. 24, 26), and the hydrophanous cuticle prominently developed. In a few specimens before me the characteristic zigzag dark stripes are absent (%. 24).
2. Scarcely separable from this is the form called GUIMARASEN- sis Reeve (pi. 3, fig. 31), which has the same ground color, but lacks hydrophanous creamy markings. The bands are usually narrower than in fig. 31. Besides Reeve's figures, the following illustrations represent this variety : Fer. Histoire, iv, pi. 157, figs. 9-12; Con- chyl. Cab. pi. 58, fig. 4.
3. The var. DECORATA Fer. (pi. 3, figs. 27 and 29) is light colored and shows a band at periphery, usually continuing up the spire above the suture, and often a second faint band below the suture. Figs. 3, 4 of pi. 112, Fer. Hist. ; figs. 5, 6, pi. vii of Phil., Abbild. ; and figs. 20a, 25 of Conch. Icon, represent this form.
A form also occurs without the peripheral girdle (pi. 3, fig. 23). This has received the name of frater Fer. See Fer. Hist. pi. 112, figs. 1, 2, and Phil. Abbild. iii, pi. 7, fig. 1.
Compare also, on all these forms, Hidalgo, Journ. de Conchylio- logie 1887, p. 184, 185.
C. APLOMORPHA Jonas. PI. 12, fig. 11.
Imperforate, oblong-conic, elongated, solid ; lower two whorls tawny-brown, with broad dark brown bands at suture and periph- ery, and covered with a thin white cuticle worn into streaks ; next earlier whorl light brown, the upper whorls white.
The spire is long, conical, apex obtuse, Whorls 6. Aperture decidedly shorter than the spire, white within ; peristome expanded and reflexed, white ; columella gently arcuate, not truncated below, white. Alt. 41, diam. 24; oblique alt. of aperture 22i mill.
Philippines.
12 COCIILosTYLA-ORTHOSTYJ.t -.
Bulimus aplamorjihn* JONAS, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 189. — PniLii'i'i, Al)l»ild. u. Beschreih. ii, Jlnl. t. 6, f. 1.— ? Ki:r:vi:, Conch. Icon. t. 10, f. 47.
This form differs from (.'. v-nfrir<>*<t in being smaller, slenderer, with somewhat higher spire. it may, perhaps, prove to be con- nected by intermediate specimens with rentricosa. The single spec- imen before me arrives with Philippics figures in all respects except that it is frosted over with silvery cuticle.
T. VKLATA Hroderip. PI. ll>, tig. 12.
Imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid ; yellowish, ornamented with two bands and a basal area of chestnut, veiled with a whitish hydrophanous cuticle. Spire conic, apex obtuse. Whorls 6, scarcely convex, the last about equal to three-sevenths the entire length. Columella nearly straight, slightly dilated, rose-white; aperture oval, milk-white within ; peristome somewhat thickened, narrowly reflexed, brown-edged, (/jfr.)
Alt. 44, diam. 21 ; aperture, alt. 21, width 12 mill.
Camotes Is., Philippines.
Bitlinus velatus BROD., P. Z. S. 1841, p. 15. — Bulimus velatus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 31. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. f>7.
Compare C. aplomorplia. (1. LinuosA Pfeiffer. Unfiyured.
Imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, striatdlate, covered with a some- what hydrophanous cuticle of a parchment-ashen color, irregularly streaked and at the suture ocellated with brown. Spire a little con- vexly conic, obtuse ; whorls 62, nearly flat, the last slightly shorter than the spire, shining dark chestnut; the cuticle deciduous around the pale, compressed, somewhat straightened columella. Aperture oblique, oval-oblong, bluish inside ; peristome chestnut-black, some- what thickened, re volute, -the right margin lightly arcuate. (J'fr.)
Alt. 40, diam. 21 ; aperture, alt. 19, width 11 mill.
Palawan , Pit Uippines.
B. //W//x Pi ••!:., P. Z. S. 1856, p, 388 ; Monogr. iv, p. 37-").
Very similar in appearance to C. velata, according to Pfeiffer.
C. FULGETRUM Broderip. PI. 4, figs. 32, 33, 34, :M.
Imperforate, oblong-conoid. Ground color light yellow or light
brown, paler on the spire, frequently having a dark band at the columella ; hydrophanous cuticle thin and rather deciduous, marked
COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS. 13
by rather separated oblique or zigzag cream-white stripes, which are often accompanied by stripes of the ground color.
Spire elevated, conic, apex obtuse ; whorls 6. Aperture elliptical, white or faint lilac inside ; peristome expanded and reflexed, white ; columella vertical.
Alt. 54, diam. 31 ; aperture, oblique alt. 31 mill.
Alt. 59, diam. 34 ; aperture, oblique alt. 33 mill.
Alt. 45, diam. 29 ; aperture, oblique alt. 28£ mill.
Guimaras, Negros and Panay, Philippines.
Bulinus fulgetrum BROD., P. Z. S. 1840, p. 119. — Bulimus ful- getrum DELESSERT, Rec. t. 39, f. 7, 8, 9. — REEVE, Conch, Syst. ii, t. 172, f. 4; Conch. Icon. t. 5, f. 23.— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 31 ; Con- chyl. Cab. p. 210, t. 59, f. 4-7.— B. ventricosus var. DH. in Fe>. Hist. t. 145 A, f. 11, 12. — Cochlostyla fulgetrum HIDALGO, Journ. deConchyl. 1887, p. 184.
Typical specimens, when not rubbed, show a thin film of whitish cuticle with occasional narrow, white zigzag or oblique stripes, each bordered behind by a denuded stripe of the same width. These stripes are often very short. Specimens having a dark peripheral band also occur. The color pattern is about all that separates this species from C. ventricosa.
Group of C. satyr us.
Oblong species, usually dark with a brownish or ashen cuticle, streaked in the direction of growth lines.
C. SATYRUS Broderip. PL 2, figs. 13-18 ; pi. 1, figs. 5, 6.
Imperforate, ovate-elongate, solid, smooth. Ground color chest- nut-brown, darker beneath, becoming very pale on the spire, the earlier 3 whorls usually whitish (rarely light orange-brown) ; cov- ered with a hydrophanous whitish, brown-tinted or ashen cuticle, which is more or less streaked obliquely. There is a narrow dark or light margin below the suture, rarely wanting.
The spire is conoidal, longer than the aperture. Apex rather obtuse ; suture but slightly impressed. Whorls 6, the last not descending. Aperture oblique, ovate, bluish-white inside ; lip brown-edged ; columella purplish-pink, slightly truncated below.
Alt. 44, diam. 28 mill. ; oblique alt. of aperture 25 mill.
Alt. 54, diam. 28 mill. ; oblique alt. of aperture 29 mill.
Tablas (Cuming) ; Albay and Palawan (Phil. Acad. Coll.); Philippines.
14 COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS.
Helix (Cochlostyla*) satyrus Biiov., P. Z. S. 1840, p. l&l.—Bul. satyrus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. i:>. — RKKYK, Conch. Icon. f. 29. — B. ptilawanensis PFR., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 388 ; Monogr. iv, p. 372.
This species is less solid than C. leucophcea, and has a more oval and lengthened body whorl. It differs from the preceding forms in lacking oblique or zigzag denuded stripes.
The typical C. satyrus (pi. 2, fig. 13) is rather conoidal, with light colored upper whorls and nearly uniform cuticle. Specimens before me from Albay seem to be typical.
A specimen is shown in fig. 15 which differs in being longer, much streaked with blackish, in lacking the subsutural line, and in hav- ing an orange apex. This may be more nearly related to the C. palawanensis.
A variety which may be called v. minima is shown in figs. 5, 6, of pi. 1. The cuticle is light, uniform where not eroded ; whorls 5 to 5£, the earlier whorls whitish, having a brown band bordering the suture above, and the last 1 J whorls have a narrow brown band below the suture, unfortunately omitted in the figures. Columella pure white. Alt. 34, diam. 23 ; oblique alt. of aperture 20 mill.
Figures 16, 17, 18 of plate 2 represent a form collected upon the Island of Palawan, which I take to be the palawanensis of Pfeiffer. The shells have either a light chestnut (fig. 16) or a black (figs. 17, 18) ground color, becoming, in all cases, very light on the spire, the earlier whorls whitish, showing a faint brown line above the suture. The last three whorls always have a dark line bordering the suture below, and this line has a tendency to emit short flames below (figs. 16, 17), especially upon the spire. The hydrophanous cuticle is persistent, ashy, becoming black on the body whorl in specimens having dark ground color. The lip is black or brown. The colu- mella is rounded, and of a purple color in dark, white in light shells. The spire is wide, apex obtuse, sutures very shallow.
Var. cyanocephala Pils. PL 2, fig. 14.
Ground color dark brown on the last II whorls, becoming light yellow on the next earlier, the upper whorls dark blue; hydroph- anous cuticle ashy brown, streaked with black; sutural band indistinct or wanting. Columella pink or white.
Borneo (R. F. Geale) ; Palawan.
( '. <;RAELLSI Hidalgo. PI. 5, figs. 2, 3.
Imperforate, ovate or oblong, solid, nearly smooth ; chestnut col- ored, covered with a streaked hydrophanous cuticle, the streaks
COCHLOSTYLA-ORTHOSTYLUS. 15
oblique, close, whitish, more or less tawny. Spire conic, apex obtuse. Whorls 6, slightly convex, the earlier 3 white, ante-penultimate pale tawny, the rest chestnut colored, the last a little shorter than the spire. Columella nearly straight, whitish-fleshy, a little cal- loused. Aperture oval, obliquely subtruncate above, blue-white inside ; peristome somewhat thickened, reflexed, blackish-brown. (Hid.') Alt. 43, diam. 24 ; aperture, alt. 19, width 13 mill.
Entire Island of Balabac, Philippines.
C. graellsi HID., Journ. Conch. 1886, p. 155, t. 8, f. 5.
This species much resembles C. satyrus Brod. and cinerosus Pfr. In satyrus the cuticle is unicolored and darker, in cinerosus the flarnmules are wider, more spaced, and they terminate a short dis- tance from the suture. In this species there is a dark line below the suture on the last two whorls. (Hid.)
C. CINEROSA PfeifFer. PI. 1, fig. 4.
Irnperforate, ovoid, solid, obliquely striatulate; brown, covered with a dark ashen cuticle which is worn off in streaks.
Spire convex-conic, apex obtuse. Whorls 5, moderately convex, the last a little shorter than the spire. Columella subplane, slightly dilated forward, white. Aperture oblique, truncate-oval, whitish inside ; peristome subsimple, narrowly expanded.
Length 361, diam. 13 mill. ; length of aperture 20, breadth 14 mill. (Pfr.)
Palawan, Philippines.
Bui cinerosus PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 107, t. 32, f. 5; Monogr.iv, p. 375.
The small size, obtuse spire and streaked cuticle are prominent marks of this species, but it may prove to be only a small form of C. satyrus.
C. C^SAR Pfeiffer. PL 5, fig. 1.
Imperforate, globose-conic, thin, nearly smooth, white under a deciduous tawny cuticle; spire conoid, apex obtuse; whorls 5?, moderately convex, the last about equalling the spire. Columella nearly vertical, flat, white, truncate-dentate. Aperture subdiagonal, lunate-rounded, white inside ; peristome white, narrowly expanded, the right margin dilated forward above. (Pfr.)
Alt. 46, diam. 33 ; aperture, alt. 23, width 19 mill.
Philippines.
16 COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA.
Buhmus ccesar PFR., P. Z. S., 1854, p. 293 ; Monogr. iv, p. 357. — Cochlostyla ccesar, HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 168, t. 6, f. 4.
Section XI. HYPSELOSTYLA Martens, 1868.
Cochlostylce elongatce MARTENS, Ostas. Zool. Landschn. p. 98, 1867. — SEMPER, Reisen Landmoll. p. 208. — Hypselostyla MAR- TENS MS., PFR., Monogr. Hel. Viv. vi, p. 7, 15 (for C. nympha and C. dactylu8).—PFK. CLESS., Nomencl. Hel. Viv. p. 207, 1878 (as synonym of Orthostylus). — MLLDFF., Landschn. Cebu p. 243, 1*90.
The shell is iinperforate, narrow and elongated, usually rather thin and somewhat carinated at the periphery ; peristome more or less expanded but not broad ; no umbilical fissure.
Group of C. cincinna.
Species with light ground color, with or without bands. Hydrophanous cuticle wanting or very inconspicuous.
C. CINCINNA Sowerby. PI. 10, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Imperforate, lengthened, pyramidal, solid but not thick ; surface shining, white, pink or pink-brown, with or without a darker .colu- mellar patch, and usually having the last whorl irregularly streaked and speckled with brown cuticle.
The spire is long, apex obtuse ; whorls 6-z, slightly convex, the last well rounded. Aperture oblique, small ; peristome blunt, very slightly or not expanded ; columella vertical, usually somewhat truncated below.
Alt. 46, diam. 25 ; oblique alt. of aperture 22 mill.
Alt. 40, diam. 25 ; oblique alt. of aperture 20 mill.
Romblon ; Temple and Burias, Philippines.
Helix cincinnus SOWB., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 98. — Bui. cincinnus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 9 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 182, t. 53, f. 10-13.— REKVI:. Conch. Icon. t. 7, f. 30. — Cochlostyla cincinna SEMPER, Reisen Arch. Phil. Landmoll. p. 211. — Bulimus labiozonalis GRAT.. Actes Soc. Linn. Bord. xi, p. 419, t. 4, f. 13. — Bui. gracilis Li: A, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. i, p. 173; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vii, p. 456, t. 11, f. G.—Bul. spretus REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 85, f. 633.— B. virens PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. lf>:>; Monogr. ii, p. 8. — REKVI:, Conch. Icon, t. 7, f. 32.— £. romblonensis PFR., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 152. — UEKVE, Conch. Icon. f. 34. — B. pastor el la VAL.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 17
The more typical forms have the periphery quite rounded, the lip scarcely expanded, and the apex is never of a different color from the spire.
Typical cincinna (pi. 10, figs. 1, 2) is white, or very pale buff, uni- colored or having the columellar area pink, or the columellar area brown and the lip pink ; dark patches of cuticle may be either present or absent.
Var. gracilis Lea (pi. 10, fig. 5) is a dark variety, but under the name may be included the pink and pink-brown examples (figs. 3,
4).
Var. virens Pfr. (pi. 10, fig. 10) is white, becoming pale green below. It is from the island Burias.
Var. spretus Reeve (pi. 10, fig. 8) is "pale straw color, chestnut- black around the umbilicus and edge of the aperture, covered toward the base with a thin burnt-brown epidermis. It differs from cindnnm in being of a more truly conical form." Habitat, Romblon.
Var. romblonensis Pfr. (pi. 9, fig. 58 ; pi. 63 fig. 23) has the form of typical cincinna. It is white or pallid buff, with dark bands at suture and periphery and a dark columellar area. Lip colored or not. This form has been united with C. subcarinata, but errone- ously, that species having the lip more expanded than this. Fig. 23 is drawn from a specimen before me.
C. SUCCINCTA Reeve. PI. 10, fig. 14.
Imperforate, ovate-pyramidal ; rather solid, smooth; white, with one or two chestnut bands and a blackish-chestnut basal area.
Spire elongated, rather obtuse ; whorls 7, slightly convex, the last about two-fifths the entire length, rounded. Columella white, somewhat twisted. Aperture oblique, truncate-oblong ; peristome brown, scarcely thickened, very narrowly reflexed. (-P/V.)
Alt. 62, diam. 28; aperture, alt. 26, width 15 mill.
Philippines.
Bid. succinctus REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 74, f. 534 (1849).— PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 310.
I have not seen this form. It may prove to be merely a further development of the cincinna-romblonensis stock, but it is larger than any cincinna I have seen.
2
18 (.<O<tIILO8TYLA-HYP>KI.n>TYI.A.
C'. < ixriNNiFoKMis Sowerby. PI. 6, figs. 21, 22, 24.
Imperforate, ovate-pyramidal, rather thin ; white or very pale buff, having dark brown bands above and below the sutures, at the periphery and around the columella; the subsutural and frequently the peripheral band tessellated with hydrophanous yellow spots.
The spire is elevated, but rather wide. Apex obtuse, purple or white; whorls 52, slightly convex, the last angulated more or less distinctly at the periphery. Aperture oblique, showing the bands distinctly inside. Peristome thin, distinctly but very narrowly expanded, white, stained with purple at the terminations of the bands, Columella straight above, somewhat truncate below.
Alt. 48, diam. 27 ; aperture, alt. 20 mill.
Alt. 36, diam. 24; aperture, alt. 18 mill.
Alt. 34, diam. 25; aperture, alt. 19'} mill.
Luban, Philippines.
Helix cincinniformis SOWB., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 17. — Bulimus tin. PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 9 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 181, t. 53, f. 6, 7.— KEEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 6, f. 28.— DESK, in Fer. Hist. t. 157, f. 3, 4.
This species is closely allied to C. cincinna and C. snbcarinata. It differs constantly from the variety romblonensis of the former species in being a less elongated shell, thinner in texture, and with thin, narrowly expanded lip, and in having the upper part of the spire decidedly stouter. Figure 23 of pi. 6 represents a specimen of cincinnns var. romblonensis.
The differences are made clearer in the following comparison :
C. cincinniformis.
Shell stouter, the outlines of spire convex above.
Dark bands spotted with light spots.
Shell thin.
Lip white, except at the ter- minations of the bauds, thin, narrowly expanded.
Semper has considered this species a form of cincinna, but although it is certainly closely allied I prefer to see intermediate specimens before uniting them. My artist lias omitted the light flecks upon the bands in fig. '2'2.
C. cincinna var. romblonensis.
Shell slender, with narrow, straight-sided spire. »J1.
Dark bands not spotted.
Shell solid.
Lip dark, obtuse.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 19
In one of the specimens before me the space between the periph- eral and basal bands is covered with chestnut colored lineolate cuticle.
C. CARNEOLA Grateloup. PL 7, fig. 41.
Oblong-conoid, fleshy-white, fragile, pellucid, very shining ; very finely longitudinally striated. Aperture semi-ovate, base rounded ; columella subintorted ; whorls 6, slightly convex. Alt. 35, diam. 25 mill. (Grat.~)
Manila (f), Philippines.
Bulimus carneolus GRAT., Actes. Soc. Linn. Bord. xi, p. 417, t. 3, f. 25.
This is a young shell, which PfeifFer surmises to be a unicolored form of C. cincinni/ormis. The locality given cannot be correct.
C. SUBCABIXATA Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 59 ; pi. 11, figs. 16, 17, 18.
I m perforate, elongated, the spire conic, elevated. Surface shin- ing, most minutely spirally and obliquely striated, of a delicate green tint fading into white on the spire, having (typically) a golden- brown sutured band flecked with golden-yellow. Body whorl often retaining patches of thin brownish cuticle. Whorls 6, the apex obtuse, earlier two whorls convex, the remainder nearly flat, obtusely angular at the periphery; aperture rhomboidal, oblique, white within; peristome thin, expanded; columella subvertical, arcuate.
Alt. 44, diam. 24 ; oblique alt. of aperture 22* mill. Romblon (Cuming) ; Marinduque (Steere Exped. and Hidalgo).
Bulimus subcarinatus PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 153 ; Monogr. ii, p. 8. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. f. 35. — Cochlostyla eburnea HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 186, not of Reeve. — Cochlostyla mdllen- dorffi HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 187, t. 7, f. 3.
This species differs from C. cincinna and its varieties in being of a less solid texture, in having the lip distinctly expanded, and in being more distinctly subcarinate.
Typically the color is a very delicate green tint, with a golden flecked sutural band, and often some traces of thin brownish cuticle on the body whorl; columella and lip white (pi. 9, fig. 59 ; pi. 11, fig. 16).
This is varied by the darkening of the sutural border, the addi- tion of a circum-columellar black-brown zone, and a dark brown edge to the lip. This is the form which Hidalgo has named C. mol-
20 COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA.
lendorffi. It is found associated with typical subcarinata in Marin- duque (pi. 11, figs. 18, 19, 21).
Still another form is shown in fig. 17. It has a black-chestnut band at suture, periphery and columella, but the lip is pure white. This also lives associated with the preceding. It may be distin- guished from the similarly marked C. cincinna var, romblonensis by the thin, expanded lip.
C. EVANESCENS Broderip. PL 7, fig. 38.
Imperforate, ovate-conic, thin ; whitish, ornamented with a sut- ural line and a basal area of chestnut ; spire conical, rather obtuse ; whorls 6, nearly flat, the last rounded, about equal to three-sevenths the entire length. Columella straight, ashen. Aperture lunate- oval, milk-white inside; peristome thin, expanded, basal margin forming an angle with the columella. (P/r.)
Alt. 33, diam. 19; aperture, alt. 16, width 11 mill.
Luzon, Philippines.
Bulinus evanescens BROD., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 15. — Bulimus evan- escens " Pfr.," KEEVE, Conch. Icon. 1. 13, f. 72. — B. evanescens Brod., PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 10.
This seems to be very closely allied to C. subcarinata. I have not seen specimens. Two varieties are recorded : ,5, unicolored white, and ~f, pale tawny, with darker band at the suture, basal area and peristome black.
C. EBURNEA Reeve. PI. 10, figs. 9, 11.
Imperforate, pyramidal, elongated,- pure white or covered with a very thin cuticle of an excessively pale buff tint ; polished ; show- ing under a lens, fine growth striie and spiral incised lines.
Spire high, apex obtuse; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last slightly descending in front. Aperture oblique, ovate ; peristome thin, expanded; columella vertical, not arcuate or concave, slightly truncated at the base.
Alt. 39, diam. 22 ; oblique alt. of aperture 20 mill.
Tayabas, Luzon, Philippines.
Bulimus eburneus REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 13, f. 74 (not Cochin- sty la eburnea Hidalgo, J. C. 1887, p. 186. Not Bid. eburneus Pfr., a species of Jiutiiiilnin*}. — B. politus RKKYI;, in corrigenda to HnL Couch. Icon. — PFR., Monogr, iv, p. ,'>7±
This is a pure white shell having the periphery rounded as in C. ciiu-iniHi, from which it differs in having the lip decidedly
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 21
expanded. In the last character it is like C. subcarinata, but the constant epidermal subsutural band of that species is lacking in eburnea.
Fig. 11 is incorrect in showing the columella arcuate. In the specimen from which that figure was drawn, as well as in all others which I have seen, the columella is straight above, subtruncate
below.
Group of C. carinata.
Species having the ground color either dark or light. Covered with a variously patterned, conspicuous hydro phanous cuticle.
C. NIMBOSA Broderip. PI. 4, figs. 36, 37.
Imperforate, ovate-conic, elongated. Ground color chestnut- brown (or light green), with a dark columellar tract and usually a narrow peripheral band ; irregularly speckled and longitudinally flamed with cream-white or brown hydrophanous cuticle, the flames usually zigzag; apical whorls orange or light brown.
Spire conical, elevated ; whorls 6J. Aperture shorter than the spire, oblique ; peristome expanded, somewhat reflexed, flesh col- ored or brown. Columella vertical.
Alt. 63, diarn. 36 ; oblique alt. of aperture 32 mill.
Alt. 62, diam. 34 ; oblique alt. of aperture 30 mill.
Negros and Panay, Philippines.
Bulinus nimbosus BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 121. — Bulimus nim- bosus PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 30 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 209, t. 59, f. 3.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 4, f. 17.— DESH. in Fer. Hist. t. 145 A, f. 18, 19. — B. pfeifferianus REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 4, f. 18.
This species is the largest of the section Hypselostyla. It is closely allied to C. nympha, differing in its larger size and the more expanded and lighter colored lip» Compared with C. ventricosa and fulgetrum this species is seen to have a more pyramidal, nar- rower spire and the hydrophanous cuticle is more speckled. The figures are drawn from typical specimens in the Philadelphia collection.
The color variety pfeijferiana Rve. (fig. 37) has a light yellowish- green ground color, with the usual dark columellar patch, but with- out a peripheral band.
C. ELEGANS Semper. PL 13, fig. 55.
Imperforate, ovate-oblong, thin, tawny, with a very elegantly marbled and flamed cuticle of pale brown.
22 COCHLOSTYLA-IIYPSELOSTYLA.
Spire conic, obtuse ; apex nude, rufous ; whorls 6, scarcely con- vex, the last slightly shorter than the spire, subangulated ; colu- mella somewhat twisted, longitudinally biangulate, entering. Aper- ture oblong-snbpyriform, whitish within ; peristome thin, narrowly expanded, the right margin dilated above and below, basal margin forming an obsolete. angle with the columella. (Pfr.)
Alt. 52, diam. 25 ; aperture alt. 27, width 15 mill.
Siqu ijor, Pli Hipp ines.
Bulimus siquijorensis PFR., P. 7.. S., 1845, p. 74; Monogr. ii, p. 12 — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 8, f. 42 (not Carocolla siquijorensis Brod. 1841, also a Cochlostyla). — Cochlostyla eleyans SEMPER, Reis. Landmoll. p. 210.
C. CARINATA Lea. PI. 13, figs. 53, 54.
Imperforate, elongated, the spire turrited-conic, the body whorl carinated. Tawny-brown, darker below, fading to a light brown on the spire, the apical whorls a trifle darker; usually in part or almost entirely denuded of the thin creamy-brown hydrophanous cuticle which is disposed in ragged oblique streaks.
Spire long, straight-sided, the earlier two wrhorls forming a some- what bulbous apex. Whorls 7 to 7 2, the first two. convex, the rest flat, the last whorl angular at the periphery, somewhat swollen above and frequently subangular there also. Aperture oblique, broad below, white or livid inside ; peristome dark brown, expanded, receding below ; columella long, white, straight, somewhat receding.
Alt. 64, diam. 29 ; oblique alt. of apert. 31 mill.
Lucban, prov. of Tayabas, Luzon; Albay ; Catanduanes Is., Philip- pines.
Bulimus carinatus LEA, Proc. «Amer. Philos. Soc. i, p. 174 (read Feb. 21, 1840 ; Proc. for Jan. and Feb. 1840 distributed March 20, 1840); Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vii, p. 458, t. 11, f. 7, 1841.— Bulinus dactylua BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 158 (read Nov. 24, 1*40). —Jiufimus dactylus PFR., in Conchy 1. Cab. p. 209, t. 59, f. 1, 2; Monogr. ii, p. 32. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 8, f. 39. — Cochlontylu dactylus Brod., SKMI-KI:, Reis. Landmoll. p. 210. — HIDAI.<;<>, Journ. de Conohyl. 1387, p.
The priority of Lea's name cnrinatHs over that given by Brod- erip, tl'ichttu*, cannot be questioned. I have examined Lea's type, a larire and finely developed specimen.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 23
In its typical form, C. carinatus is readily distinguished from C. nympha by its larger size and pronounced keel ; but intermediate specimens are numerous.
As a varietal form the name dactylus may stand for the non-cari- nated, highly variegated examples (fig. 54).
Var. NYMPHA Pfr. PL 13, figs. 60, 61.
The form is oblong-turrited ; color a varying tint of brown, darker on the base, fading on the spire, the suture generally having a dark border, the columella encircled by an ill-defined dark patch. The hydrophanous cuticle varies from creamy to brown ; it is more or less streaked or torn into shreds lengthwise, and usually there are wide flames springing from the sutures. The spire is flesh-col- ored or purplish above. Whorls 6*. Aperture white or flesh- tinted inside ; peristome slightly expanded, dark brown ; columella white, vertical.
Alt. 51, diam. 26 ; oblique alt. of aperture 24 mill.
Alt. 47, diam. 24 ; oblique alt. of aperture 22 mill.
San .Mateo, prov. Manilla; Tabaco and Daraga, prov. Albay, Luzon; Marinduque, Philippines.
Bulimus nympha PFR., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 89; Monogr. ii, p. 13 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 170, t. 51, f. 3.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 8, f. 41. —DESK, in Fer., Hist. t. 145 A, f. 3, 4. — Cochlostyla nympha SEMPER, Reisen, Landmoll., p. 209. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 170.
Specimens before me recently collected in Marinduque are nearly destitute of hydrophanous cuticle except for a series of golden spots tesselating the dark sutural band. The columella is surrounded by a wide, black-brown, sharply defined band. Periphery angular (fig. 61.)
C. TURRIS Semper. PI. 13, fig. 56.
The young shell is turrited, imperforate, solid, brown, streaked with a hydrophanous whitish-buff' cuticle. Spire much elevated, apex rather acute ; whorls 8 J, but little convex, the last subangular. Columella vertical, twisted. Aperture semioval ; peristome? (Semper.} Alt. 92, diam. 37 mill.
Near Satpat and Amberbuk, Tray a Mts.
C. turris SEMP., Reis. Landmoll., p. 210, t. 9, f. 3. — cf. HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 170.
24 COCHLC )STYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA.
This species evidently stands close to C. dadylus, and it is not impossible that it should be considered a variety of that species ; but the widely separated localities (Albay and the mountain valleys of the eastern Cordillera, opposite Palanan), the greater number of whorls, the much larger size (92 against 73 mill.), seems to me to render it necessary to specifically separate this longest of all Cochlo- stylas, at least temporarily, in spite of the fact that the single example before me is immature. (£.)
C. DIANA Broderip. PL 11, figs. 22, 23, 30, 31.
Imperforate, elongated, turrited. Ground color pale yellow, fad- ing above, the earlier two whorls pure white. More or less marked on the body whorl with longitudinal white hydrophanous stripes. Aperture, lip and columella pure white.
Alt. 47, diam. 22 ; aperture, alt. 23 mill.
Alt. 45, diam. 25 ; aperture, alt. 25 mill.
Alt. 35, diam. 20; aperture, alt. 18 mill.
Island of Negros, Philippinse.
Bulinus diana BROP., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 157. — Bulimus diana REEVE, Conch. Syst. ii, t. 172, f. 2 ; Conch. Icon, t. 8, f. 40.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab. p. 208, t. 58, f. 8, 9 ; Monogr. ii, p. 32.
Bnlinus calista BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 157.— DELESSERT, Recueil, t. 39, f. 5.— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 12 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 169, t. 51, f 2.— DESH. in Fer. Hist. t. 145 A, f. 1, 2.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 8, f. 38.
The typical C. diana is known by its light yellow color and white apex and aperture. It varies much in degree of elongation, and in carination, some specimens being as distinctly carinated as C. cari- nata Lea.
All manner of transition forms between calista and diana occur ; one is shown in pi. 11, fig. 30. This specimen is yellowish-green, longitudinally clouded with white hydrophanous cuticle ; the earlier two whorls are ivory white, the lip dark brown, columella encircled bv u purple-brown area.
Yar. CAI.IM A Brod. PI. 11, figs. 24, 1T>.
Two apical whorls orange-brown ; lip brown-edged; columella surrounded by a brown hand.
This is merely a color-phase of the C. diana, and is found in the
same localities.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 25
C. CALYPSO Broderip. PI. 12, fig. 3.
Imperforate, ovate-pyramidal, very minutely striated ; diapha- nous ; buff-white, ornamented with greenish bands and a chestnut basal area. Spire pyramidal, apex obtuse, purple-brown. Whorls 6, rather flat, the last a little shorter than the spire, subangular in the middle. Columella thickened, somewhat twisted, flesh colored. Aperture lunate-oval, milk-white within ; peristome narrowly expanded, edged with chestnut. (P/V.)
Alt. 40, diam. 21 ; aperture, alt. 21, breadth 13 mill.
Negros, Philippines.
Bulinus calypso BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 158. — Bulimus calypso PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 11. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 7, f. 31. Seems to be closely allied to C. calista.
C. CAMELOPARDALIS Broderip. PI. 12, figs. 4, 5.
Imperforate, elongated, turrited. Light brownish-yellow, becom- ing browner below7, the earlier (embryonic) 2 whorls orange-brown ; the remaining whorls have longitudinal stripes of cream-white cuti- cle. Spire long, apex obtuse; whorls 7 to 7}, the earlier 2 quite convex, the rest nearly flat ; body-whorl obviously or almost im- perceptibly subcarinated. Aperture narrow, elliptical, white inside, the lip expanded, dark brown. CoJumella visibly twisted, brownish or fleshy-white, surrounded by a purplish callus.
Alt. 51, diam. 22 ; oblique alt. of aperture 21 mill.
Alt. 49, diam. 22 ; oblique alt. of aperture 22 J- mill.
Zebu and Camotes Is., Philippines.
Bulinus camelopardalis BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 157. — Bulimus camelopardalis PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 12 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 178, t. 52, f. 8, 9, — B. cameleopardalis RVE., Conch. Icon. t. 8, f. 36. — Cochlo- styla camelopardalis SEMPER, Reisen, Landmoll. p. 208, t. 8, f. 13; t. 18, f. 19 (anatomy). — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 168. — MLLDFF., Landschn. Cebu, p. 244.
The extremely slender form and the style of marking (the stripes being mainly longitudinal and neither zigzagged nor oblique except on the base) constitute the principal characters of this form. Neither of these characters is of much value, the alleged differences in contour between camelopardalis and boholensis being readily bridged by many specimens before me.
COCII l.< )ST VI.A-II YPSELOSTYLA.
Var. BOHOM-NSIS Brod. PI. 12, figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Shell lengthened, but variable in degree of elongation ; subcar- inated or almost rounded at the periphery ; whorls 62 to 1\. Ground color yellowish, becoming tawny below, paler above, the earlier two or three whorls brown, covered with a cream-white hydrophanous cuticle, which is cut by zigzag stripes (figs. 8, 10) or by spots (fig. 9) of the ground color. Lip dark brown.
Alt. 42, diam. 22 ; aperture, alt. 22 mill. (fig. 6).
Alt. 49, diam. 20* ; aperture, alt. 22 £ mill. (fig. 10).
Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines.
Bulinus boholensis BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 158. — Bulimus bohol- ensis REEVE, Conch. Syst. ii, t. 172, f. 3 ; Conch. Icon. t. 8, f. 37.— PFR. in Conchyl. Cab. p. 178, t. 52, f. 10, 11 ; Monogr. ii, p. 13.— DESK, in Fer. Hist. t. 145 A, f. 9, W.— Cochlostyla boholensis SEM- PER, Reisen, Landmoll. p. 208.
There are often dark bands upon the light ground color, at suture, periphery and columella, as shown in figs. 7, 9; but these are as frequently lacking. Figs. 6, 7, 9, 10, drawn from specimens now before me, show that the pattern of cuticle is excessively variable. Fig. 8 is also a common pattern.
This form is so intimately related to C. camelopardalis that I can only admit it to the rank of a local variety, characterized by the color pattern only.
C. HAINESI PfeifFer. Unfigured.
Imperforate, ovate-conic, solid, obliquely lightly striated, chestnut colored, painted with undulating streaks and yellow shreds. Spire elongate, subconcave-conic, apex violet, rather acute. Whorls (>•', a little convex, the last scarcely two-fifths of the entire length, subangulate below the middle. Columella little sloping, livid fle^h color. Aperture oblique, lunate-round; peristome expanded and narrowly reflexed, violet-brown. Alt. 52, diam. 27 mill.; aperture (with peristome), 27 mill, long, 17 wide. (Pfr.)
Philippines.
Bui. hainesi PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 115 ; Monogr. iv, p. 357. Group of C. concinna.
Conic-pyramidal species, having hydrophanous cuticle, the colu- melln rather wide and white.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 27
C. CONCINNA Sowerby. PI. 11, figs. 26, 27, 28.
Imperforate, pyramidal-conic, the last whorl angulated at the periphery, somewhat flattened at the base. Yellowish-brown, hav- ing darker lines at suture and periphery (often lacking) and a dark brown columellar patch ; variegated with irregular streaks and angular spots of whitish hydrophanous cuticle, which on the base forms two interrupted bands. Apex and upper portion of the earlier 1 2 ivhorls purplish-brown.
Spire conic, apex very obtuse ; whorls 6 to 6 J. Aperture oblique, flesh colored inside, the lip expanded and edged with brown. Col- umella wide, flat, white, more or less distinctly truncated at base.
Alt. 34, diam. 20; oblique alt. of aperture 17 rnirl.
Alt. 30, diam. 19?. ; oblique alt. of aperture 16 mill.
Tuguegarao, Cagayan ; Northwest coast of Luzon, Philippines.
Helix concinna Sow., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 20. — DELESSERT, Recueil, t. 39, f. 2. — Bulimus concinnus PFR., Symb. iii, p. 53 ; Monogr. ii, p. 15 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 180, t. 53, f. 4, 5.— DESK, in Fer. Hist. t. 145 A, f. 5. 6. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 10, f. 52. — Achatina con- cinna PFR., olim. — Cochlostyla concinna SEMPER, Reisen. Phil. Archip. Landmoll. p. 206, t. 13, f. 11; t. 18, f. 18 (anatomy).— HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 169.
The columella of this species is like that of Orthostylus leuco- phcea, but the light texture, distinctly angular periphery and style of coloring cause me to consider it a Hypselostyla.
Var. FLAMMULA Semper. PL 11, fig. 29.
Imperforate, elongate-conic, solid ; brown, elegantly ornamented with white flames. Spire elongated, apex obtuse. Whorls 6, nearly flat, the last subangulated at the base, encircled at the periphery with a black line. Columella straight, whitish ; aper- ture trapezoidal, blue; peristome slightly thickened, narrowly reflexed and black-edged. (Semp.')
Alt. 44, diam 24; aperture, alt. 20, width 12 mill.
Palanan and Digollorin, E. coast of North Luzon ; Satpat, in the llaron valley, on the west side of the northeastern Cordillera.
C.flammula SEMP. Reis., Landmoll., p. 206, t. 9, f. 2. I have not seen this form, but no characters except size~separat- ing it from C. concinna are mentioned by Semper.
28
COCHLOSTYLA-IIYPSELOSTYLA.
C. ACUMINATA Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 7.
Impcrforate, ovate-pyramidal, the apex a little obtuse ; solid ; chestnut banded with black, irregularly striated with brownish hydrophanous cuticle, bluish above, the apex pule. Whorls 6, rather flat, the last about equal to four-ninths the entire length. Columella straight, somewhat thickened in the middle, slightly twisted, white. Aperture oval, livid inside, subeffuse at the base ; peristome simple, brown margined within, a little expanded. (Pfr.)
Alt. 36, diam. 20; aperture, alt. 18, width 10 mill.
Cuyo, Philippines.
Helix acuminata SOWB., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 39. — Bnlimus acumina- tus PFR., Symb. ii, p. 110; Monogr. ii, p. 14. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. 60.
Compare incompta and concinna.
C. INCOMPTA Sowerby. PI. 10, fig. 6.
Imperforate, ovate, rather thin, pale brown with two chestnut bands and covered with a thin brownish cuticle. Spire conoidal, obtuse. Whorls 5, slightly convex, the last scarcely shorter than the spire. Columella nearly straight, subdilated, the base some- what truncated, surrounded by a chestnut area. Aperture widely lunate-oval ; peristome simple, expanded, the basal margin forming an obtuse angle with the columella. (P/r.,)
Alt. 29, diam. 18 ; aperture, alt. 14, width 10 mill'.
Tablas, Philippines.
Helix incompta SOWB., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 103. — Bulimus incomptns PFR., Symb. iii, p. 85 ; Monogr. ii, p. 15. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. 53.
Seems to be allied to C. concinna and C. acuminata.
( '. I-VRAMIDALIS S,)werby. PL 9, figs. 61, 62.
Imperforate, oblong-pyramidal, somewhat thick ; tawny, banded with dark chestnut, covered with a streaked deciduous brown cuticle. Spire elongated, apex obtuse. Whorls 5, a trifle convex, the last two-fifths the entire length. Columella somewhat twisted, subdilated, white. Aperture lunate-oval, livid within; peristome simple, narrowly expanded. (P/r.)
Alt. 40, diam. 1!) ; aperture, alt. 18, width 1 1 mill.
/.«/<nid of Cuyo, Philippines.
COCHLOSTYLA-HYPSELOSTYLA. 29
Helix pyramidalis Sows., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 39. — Bulimus pyra- midalis PFR., Symb. iii, p. 87 ; Monogr. ii, p. 36. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. 59. — Bui. nebulosus PFR., Symb. i, p. 42 ; Monogr. ii, p. 14.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. 58a.
Fig. 61 is the nebulosus of Pfr. C. FISCHERI Hidalgo. PL 10, fig. 15.
Ovate-oblong, thin, pellucid, smooth, corneous-brown; above closely variegated, below interruptedly bifasciate, with an opaque tawny-white cuticle. Spire conoid, apex obtuse. Suture simple ; whorls 5, slightly convex, the last swollen, not descending in front. Aperture ovate, scarcely exceeding one-half the total altitude of the shell, brown inside ; peristome narrowly expanded, bluish-white, the margins joined by a subindistinct callus, right margin regularly arcuate, columellar margin narrow, nearly vertical. (Hid.)
Alt. 35, diam. 21 mill.
Penon de Bintuan, Island of Busuanga, Philippines.
C.fischeri HID., Journ! de Conchyl. 1889, p. 301, t. 14, f. 5.
* * *
New Guinea and New Ireland species having the contour of Hypselostyla.
The generic characters of the following three species, as well as of C. papuensis Hedley (MAKUAL vol. vii, p. 190, pi. 58, fig. 97), remain to be discovered. For the present they may be conven- iently grouped here, although the slender, acute apices of these southern forms do not accord well with the obtuse ones of the Philippine Island species.
C. TRANSLUCIDA Quoy & Gaimard. PI. 13, fig. 63.
Shell narrowly rimate, ovate-pyramidal ; decussated with oblique and concentric stride ; rather thin, diaphanous, whitish. Spire pyramidal, apex acute ; whorls 6, flat, the last a little shorter than the spire, angulated at base. Columella nearly straight, somewhat twisted to form a tooth in the middle. Aperture oblique, lunate- oval ; peristome expanded all around, crenulated outside. Alt. 42, diam. 29 ; aperture, alt. 21, width 13 mill. (Pfr.)
Port Dorey, New Guinea.
Helix translucida Q. & G. Voy. de 1'Astrolobe, Zool. ii, p. 103, t. 8, f. 11-13. — DESK, in Lmk. An. s. Vert, viii, p. 121. — FER. &
30 COCIIL<»TYLA-m P8ELO8TYLA.
DESK. Hist. t. 63 B, f. 5. — Cochlostyla translncida PFR. & CLI>- .. Nomencl. Hel. Yiv. p. 209. — TAPPARONE CANKFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xix, p. 103. — Bulimus quoyi PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 16; viii, p. 10.
('. HIXDEI Cox. Vol. vii, pi. 14, figs. 71, 72.
Shell rather thin, semi-translucent, pyramidally ovate, non- umbilicated ; whorls six and a half to seven, the first ventricose, the second less so, the remainder almost flat in the centre but made to appear convex by being contracted towards the sutural junction ; they are white and are covered with a thin membranous epidermis of a brownish-yellow or light chestnut color, which easily peels off by exposure, the epidermis in matured specimens is only present on the first three whorls, those beyond are nude, and from age and exposure are whitish-brown; the first three whorls are slantingly uniformly transversely striated with lines of growth, the striation showing through the membranous epidermis ; the suture is impressed and is lined below on the lower two whorls by a narrow but very distinct dark baud, which grows finer as it ascends and becomes lost about the middle of the third whorl ; the striation appears worn off the upper 3 or 4 whorls. Columella arched, adnate, with a dis- position only to be twisted, the lower end of the columella has a blunt tubercular plait which is whitish soiled-looking, this streak of almost white extends upwards as a narrow margin to the internal edge of the columella. The aperture is oval with a rather broad expanded reflected lip all round, the peristomal surface of which is dark brown, almost quite black ; the interior of the aperture is of pale cream color; the dark band which borders the suture shows through the substance of the shell internally.
Length 40 mill.; breadth of last whorl 19 mill.; length of aper- ture 20 mill. ; length of last whorl with aperture 22 mill. ; from apex of shell to insertion of outer lip 14 mill. (C0#.)
New Ireland.
Cochlostyla hindei Cox, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), ii, p. 1063, March 21, 1888.
The following species is evidently closely allied to this, perhaps a synonym.
('. ETEIMBUBG1 Brancsik. PI. 13, figs. 58, 59.
Shell shining, delicately striated; greenish-testaceous, the apex more livid ; sometimes the last whorl is ferruginous. Turrited-conic,
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 31
apex slightly obtuse. Whorls 6, the last slightly carinated in the middle and having a pitch-black line at the suture. Aperture oblique, oblong-oval ; the outer lip thickened and reflexed, pitch- black. Umbilicus none. (Brancsik.}
Alt. 36, diam. 18 ; aperture, alt. 18, width 12 mill.
Matupit, New Britain.
Helix (Geostrochus) heimburgi BRANCSIK, Jahresheft des Natur- wissenschaftlichen Vereines des Trencsiner Comitates, 1890-'91, p. 80, t. 7, f. 2a, b.
Probably the same as Dr. Cox's C. hindei.
Section XII. EUDOXUS Albers, 1850.
Eudoxus ALB., Die Hel. p. 137. — MARTENS, Die Hel. 2d edit., p. 179, type B. effusus Pfr. — SEMPER, Reisen im Archip. Phil.,
Landmoll. p. 213.
The shell is ovate or ovate conic, imperforate, smooth, shining, very light colored, generally thin and destitute of hydrophanous cuticle. Columella rather narrow, its face flattened.
This section is rather near in shell characters to Phengus. Ana- atomically, as far as known, Eudoxus presents no features not found in Cochlostyla generally.
C. EFFUSA Pfeiffer. PL 7, figs. 42, 43.
Imperforate, ovate, rather thin ; very lightly striated, the earlier whorls minutely spirally striated. Covered with light buff cuticle, paler above, white under the cuticle.
Spire conoidal, apex obtuse ; whorls 5, slightly convex. Aper- ture half the length of the shell, white within ; peristome white, thin, broadly expanded, especially on the outer and basal margins. Columella vertical, narrow, flattened.
Alt. 40, diam. 30 mill.
Alt. 37, diam. 26 mill.
Tablas, Philippines.
Bulimus effusus PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 152 ; Monogr. ii, p. 27.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. 64.
The narrow, bevelled columella and the broadly expanding lip are characteristic. The unicolored form (fig. 42) was the original type of the species.
Color-var. fasciata (pi. 7, fig. 43). Like the type in form, but having chestnut-brown bands at suture and columella, and two on the median part of the body-whorl.
32 COCHLOSTYLA-ECDOXUS.
I cannot believe that the shell figured in Philippi's Abliihlungen, Bui. pi. (>, fig. 8, is this species. The columella is entirely different in form. C. HALICHLORA Semper. Vol. VII, pi. 27, figs. 4, 5.
Imperforate, globose-turb incite, thin but solid, of a delicate light green tint, becoming white on the spire. Surface shining, smooth, delicately obliquely striatulate and having some obsolete, micro- scope spiral lines. Spire elevated, apex obtuse, often tipped with orange ; whorls 5, slowly increasing, the last rounded or obtusely angled at the periphery, scarcely descending in front. Aperture large, oblique, subrhombic, white within ; peristome narrowly expanded, its edge often slightly tinged with rust-color ; columella vertical, white, straight, its face flattened, deeply inserted.
Alt. 32, diam. 32 mill.
Alt. 31, diam. 33 mill.
Calayan; Babuyanes, North Luzon, Philippines.
Cochlostyla (Corasia) halichlora O. SEMPER, Journ. de Conchy]. 1866, p. 263, t. 8, f. 1.— SEMPER, Reis. Phil, iii, p. 172.
. This globose-turbinate, light green-tinted shell is typically very distinct from other known species, but I have seen specimens inter- mediate between halichlora and effusa. Semper considered this species a Coraxia, but it is undoubtedly an Eudoxus.
C. LEAI Pfeiffer. PL 17, figs. 33, 34.
Imperforate, ovate-conoid, rather thin, shining; light buff.
Spire conoidal, apex obtuse; whorls 5*. somewhat convex, the last obtusely subangulated in front. Aperture shorter than the spire, oblique, rounded-quadrate; peristome narrowly expanded, thickened within ; columella distinctly flattened, steeply sloping.
Alt. 37 JS, diam. 26 mill.
Philippines.
B. leai PFR., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 29; Monogr. ii, p. 9.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. 66.
The shell described above and represented in fig. 33 differs from Pfeiffer Js description in being bluntly angled at the periphery. I believe, however, that it is the C. leai.
C. JONASI Pfeiffer. PL 8, figs. 53, 54, 56, 57 ; pi. 17, fig. 32 ; Vol.
VII, pi. :I7, figs. 43, 44.
Imperforate, ovate-conoid, rather solid, smooth, of a light }Tellow tint, which is either clear buff or verging toward green or tawny.
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 33
Sutural margin often paler; earlier whorls either pale or tinted with orange.
The spire is conical, apex very obtuse. Whorls about 5J, only slightly convex. Aperture oblique, white within or having the tint of the outside ; peristome thickened and somewhat expanded, its face white ; columella nearly straight, white, sometimes truncated at base.
Alt. 32, diarn. 25 mill, (average specimen.)
Alt. 35, diam. 24 mill, (elevated specimen.)
Alt. 28, diam. 27 mill, (depressed specimen.)
Philippines.
Helix jonasi PFR., P. Z. S., 1845, p. 126 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 298, t. 50, f. 5, 6 ; Monogr. i, p. 225.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 26, V. 113. —H*albersi PFR., Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1849, p. 86 ; Monogr. iii, p. 300; iv, p. 362, etc.— Helix buschi PFR., P. Z. 8., 1845, p. 126; Monogr. i, p. 226.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., Helix, t. 203, f. 1430.— H. perdita REEVE, Conch. Icon., Helix, t. 25, f. 108. — Bui. brevi- culus REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 12, f. 65. — ? B. leai PFR.
This species varies greatly in color and contour but the variations are so connected and inter-related that I am unable to demarcate the several described forms. Perhaps C. leai is another variety of this species, but I have identified quite another form as that species.
The original figures of C. jonasi are copied on pi. 37, figs. 43, 44 of the preceding volume of the MANUAL. The typical C. buschi is represented by figs. 53, 54, pi. 8. Reeve's H. perdita differs in no respect from this. On pi. 17, fig. 32, is represented an extreme form, being the most depressed specimen I have seen.
The tone of color varies from faint green, through buff to a pink- ish flesh tint. The earlier whorls are often light orange colored.
C. SIMPLEX Jonas. PL 8, figs. 48, 49, 52.
Imperforate, ovate-conic, solid. Green beneath, fading to white on the spire. Surface delicately striated.
Spire conic, apex rather obtuse; whorls 5 to 5z, slightly convex. Aperture about half the length of the shell, oblique, the outer lip somewhat arching forward, narrowly expanded and thickened, white. Columella vertical, rounded, slightly truncated below.
Alt. 29, diam. 18 mill.
Alt. 25, diam. 17 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines. 3
34 cocHLOSTYLA-i-:ri>o.\rs.
B. simplex JONAS, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1S42; p. l<s<).- - Abbild. i, p. 53, t. 1, f. 2.— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 11 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 181, t. 53, f. 8.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. 63.
Allied to C. albersi, but narrower and more conic.
C. QUADRASI Hidalgo. PL 5, figs. 5, 6, 7.
Imperforate, ovate-conoid, solid, shining, smooth, (seen under a lens to be slightly and very minutely decussated by oblique and transverse scrise) ; white under a very thin green cuticle which is evanescent above, ornamented with pale or intense brown-purple bands, the base begirt with a black zone.
Spire conical, apex rather obtuse. Whorls 6, slightly convex, the last shorter than the spire ; columella nearly straight, white ; aperture oval, truncated above, white inside, showing the Jmnds more or less ; peristome little thickened, slightly expanded, roseate or brown-purple. (Hid.)
Alt. 26, diarn. 14 ; aperture, alt. 12, width 8 mill.
Saban and Torrijos, Marinduque.
C. quadrasi HID., Journ. de Conchyl. 1886, p. 154, t. 8, f. 3, 3a, 4; /. c. 1887, p. 177.
This species, says Hidalgo, is allied to C. simplex Jonas, but it is quite distinct in coloration and the less swollen form.
C. COSSMANNIANA Crosse. PL 5, figs. 8, 9.
Imperforate, ovate-conoid, solid, somewhat shining, smooth (under a lens showing irregular suboblique growth lines and transverse, very delicate line). Whitish under a thin, shining, pale buff-green cuticle, obscurely banded with brown, green-black around the colu- mella. Spire conic, apex slightly obtuse, white ; suture impressed, pallid. Whorls 6, slightly convex, the last slightly shorter than the spire. Aperture ovate-angulate, brown-purple inside, white below the suture and at the edge ; peristome somewhat thickened, slightly expanded, white; base marked with purple; margins separated, the columellar margin nearly straight, basal rounded, outer margin arched. Alt. 28, diam. 19 mill. (Crosse.)
Torrijos and Saban, Marinduque, Philippines.
C. cossmanniana CROSSE, Journ. de Conchyl. 1886, p. 156, t. 8, f. 6. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 177. Allied to C. quadrasi, but less slender, etc.
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 35
Var. paUidioT Cr. (fig. 8). Whitish, the apex roseate, columella encircled with black.
C. MODESTA Sowerby. PI. 17, figs. 28, 29, 30.
Irnperforate, ovate-conoid, rather thin ; lightly striatulate, shining ; white, variously banded with brown or purple-brown, the more con- stant bands being one at periphery, one at the columella, and another, less constant, between them.
Spire conoidal, obtuse. Whorls 5. Aperture oblique, white and showing the bands inside, the latter not reaching to the lip ; per- istome slightly expanded, of a light reddish-brown color. Columella white. Alt. 25, diam. 20 mill.
Luzon, Philippines.
Helix modesta SOWB., P. Z. S., 1841, p. 39. — Bulimus hindsi PFR., Symbolse, iii, p. 84, 1846. — (not B. hindsi REEVE, Conch. Icon.). —
B. verecundus REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 12, f. 62.
A peculiar little shell of a short form, very variable in color- pattern, but like no other species.
C. BELCHERI Pfeiifer. PL 8, figs. 45, 46.
Imperforate, ovate-oblong, solid, smooth ; very light tawny, almost white above, darker tawny below; having a dark chestnut border below the suture, a band at periphery and a chestnut- black columel- lar tract. Lip expanded, somewhat reflexed, its face and reverse deep brown.
Spire convex-conoidal, obtuse; whorls 5|. Aperture half the shell's length or somewhat less, ovate, white inside ; peristome expanded, sometimes somewhat reflexed, dark brown. Columella subvertical, white, dilated in a thin spreading callus.
Alt. 37, diam. 24 mill.
Alt. 35, diam. 23 mill.
Philippines.
Bulimus belcheri PFR., P. Z. S., 1851, p. 261 ; Monogr. iii, p. 311 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 110, t. 34, f. 5, Q.—B. hindsi REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 7, f. 33, not B. hindsi Pfr.
Resembles narrow forms of C. pictor in the dark lip and in form, but differs entirely in the ccheme of color, which is very similar to some patterns of C. phceostyla. The peripheral band is often only faintly sketched or even entirely absent.
36 COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOX I >.
C. LACERATA Semper. PI. 13, fig. 57.
Imperforate, thin, striatulate, white, covered with a much lacerated buff cuticle. Whorls 5, convex, the last about equalling the acute spire in length. Columella flat, entering, white. Aperture lunate- oval ; peristome thickened, reflexed.
Alt. 43, diam. 28 ; aperture, alt. 22, width 14 mill. (Semper.}
Valley of the River Saloc, Central Mindanao.
C. lacerata SEMF., Reisen, Laud moll., t. 9, f. 5. — C. paradoxa SEMPER, Ibid., p. 217 ; not Cochlostyla ( Chlortea) paradoxa PFR.
Semper's earlier name must be retained on account of the prior C. paradoxa of Pfeiffer. The species is very distinct in having a network of yellow cuticle, over a white ground.
C. VIRGINEA Lea. PI. 7, figs. 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40.
Imperforate, ovate, thin, smooth and shining, white or of a delicate blue-green tint, darker beneath ; suture narrowly white-edged. Lip simple or very narrowly expanded ; columella concave, narrow.
The spire is variable in length ; apex rather obtuse, the tip occa- sionally orange. Whorls about 5, slightly convex, the last a little descending in front. Aperture- ovate, oblique ; peristome usually almost simple or very narrowly reflexed. Columella arcuate, nar- row, white.
Alt. 33, diam. 23, oblique alt. of aperture 18 mill.
Alt. 36, diam. 24, oblique alt. of aperture 21 mill.
Alt. 37, diam. 22, oblique alt. of aperture 19 mill.
Alt. 36, diam. 24, oblique alt. of aperture 22£ mill.
Miudoro; Luzon; Catanduanes, Philippines.
Bulinus bullula BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 159 (read November 24, 1840). — Bulimus bullula PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 10; Conch. Cab. p. 179, t. 53, f. 2, 3.— PHIL., Abbild. i, Bui. t. 1, f. 1.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. 68. — Cochlostyla bullula SEMPER, Reisen, p. 218. — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 156; Obras Malacol. i, t. lix, f. 2. — Bui. albinus GRATELOUP, Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., xi, p. 417, t. 3, f. 24. — Bulimus virgineus LEA, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. i, p. 174 (read Feb. 21, }840 ; copies of Proc. for Jan. and Feb. dis- tributed March 20, 1840) ; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vii, p. 456, t. 11, f. 3. — Cochlostyla chloroleuca MARTENS, .Mai. Bl. xv, p. \ti~), 1868. — SEMPER, Reis. Phil. Archip. p. 218. — Bui. cMoroleucusV\\:.. Novit. Conch, iii, p. 466, t. 101, f. 20, 21.— Cochlostyla bustoi HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 157.
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 37
This species varies greatly in degree of elongation, but the extremes seem to be closely connected by intermediate variations. Figs. 39, 40, represent the chloroleuca Mts., a shell almost exactly like Lea's type of virginea.
Fig. 68, pi. 9 represents the form named BUSTOI by Hidalgo, and which is said by him to be a distinct species, distinguished by the more conoidal shell, spire having an additional whorl and tipped with reddish ; last whorl more transverse, less high ; aperture oblique, peristome more reflexed. These differences do not seem to be always associated, in the suite of 18 specimens before me. The C. bustoi is from Catanduanes Is.
In regard to the name adopted for this species, it must be said that Lea's description is fully as good as Broderip's, and has indis- putable priority of publication. Broderip's description was not actually printed, I believe, until 1841. I have examined Lea's type specimen of B. virgineus. European conchologists do not seem to be aware of Lea's paper in the Proceedings of the Philosophical Society, as they quote the Transactions only. •
C. HOLOLEUCA Pfeiffer. Unfigured.
Imperforate, conic-ovate, rather thin ; striatulate, shining, sub- diaphanous, white. Spire convex-conic, obtuse; suture narrowly margined; whorls 5, slightly convex, the last rather rounded ; col- umella straightened, scarcely oblique, callous ; aperture oblique, truncate-oval, concolored within ; peristome narrowly expanded, the columellar margin dilated, adnate, forming a distinct angle with the basal margin. (Pfr.}
Alt. 32, diam. 23 ; aperture, alt. 15, width 12 mill.
Philippines.
B. hololeucus PFR., P. Z. S. 1855, p. 93 ; Monogr. iv, p. 359 ; vi,
p. 7.
C. SMARAGDINA Reeve. PL 2, figs. 19, 20, 21, 22.
Imperforate, oblong-conoid, smooth and shining ; solid ; color varying from bright green to yellow, olive or brown, rarely banded ; the earlier whorls either white or purple-brown ; suture always hav- ing a white border below.
The spire is conoid, elevated, rather acute ; whorls 51 to 6. Aperture oblique, white or purplish within ; peristome expanded and
38 COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS.
reflexed, pure white or reddish, rarely purplish-black ; columella vertical white.
Alt. 60, diam. 37 mill.
Alt. 52, diam. 33 mill.
Eastern Mindanao, Philippines.
Bui smaragdinus Rv., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 49 ; Conch. Syst. ii, 1. 173, f. 6 ; Conch. Icon., Bui., t. 6, f. 27.— DESH. in Fer., Hist., t. 110 B, f. 5.— PFR., Conchyl. Cab., p. 207, t. 58, f. 5-7 ; Monogr. ii, p. 29.— Cochlostyla (Eudoxus} smaragdina SEMPER, Reisen ini Archip. Phil., LandmolL, p. 213, t. 13, f. 19 (Anat.).— HIDALGO, Obras Malacol., t. 58.
Semper has found this species to be extremely variable. He recognizes varieties as follows :
1. Typical smaragdina, in which the shell is smooth and glossy, green or greenish-yellow, the spire either white or reddish.
2. Var. nigrescens. In this form the rose of the earlier whorls changes into dark reddish-brown ; the emerald-green into black- green or even black-brown. In a few examples distinct darker and lighter spiral bands may be seen, and generally the base is darker than the upper portion. The specimen from Bislig shows a wide greenish-black band on the last whorl, between two narrower yel- lowish-brown-green ones; the columellar tract is dark greenish- black, and under the white sutural band there are a few alternately darker and light spiral striae. The peristome is either white or reddish dark red-brown. Localities are Lianga, Tandag, Bislig, on the east coast, Suribao and Caguaitin the valley of the Agusan.
3. Var. lutea. Unicolored ocher or straw-yellow, the spire white or reddish ; showing upon the last whorl more or less developed traces of hydrophanous yellow cuticle ; where this is absent the sur- face has the luster of the typical form, but when the cuticle is largely present the shell is dull, and these examples, which occur in the Agusan drainage, are usually smaller and compressed. The smallest measures, alt. 40, diam. 30, aperture 21 mill, long, 14 wi<lc The extremes are connected closely with the typical form. Some specimens have a violet-Muck lip, forming a transition to C. (cgle. Localities are : Bislig, Higaquit, on the east coast of Mindanao ; Dapa "ii Siargao (Sts. of Surigao) ; Mainit and S. Juan de Surigao, on the lowi-r course, Agusan, Monte- Pasiun and Monte- K in uta, on the upper course of the Rio Agusan.
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 39
4. Var. striata (pi. 2, fig. 22). Close to the unicolored dark variety there is another which shows a multitude of yellowish or grayish stride upon the dark brownish-black ground. There also occurs a form partly or wholly covered with a dull yellowish cuti- cle, so characteristic of the third variety. The measurements below are connected by intermediate examples.
Largest specimen, alt. 58, diam. 37 mill. ; aperture, 29 x 18 mill. Smallest specimen, alt. 39, diam. 29 mill. ; aperture, 21 x 14 mill. Jibon and Pasian, valley of the Kio Agusan.
5. Var. zonifera (pi. 2, fig. 21). Yellowish, banded at periphery, around columella and below the white sutural band with brown. Lip white, reddish or brown-black. Bislig, on the east coast ; Monte Kinuta, Pasian, Jibon, Mainit and Jabonga, in the Agusan valley.
C. STRAMINEA Semper. PI. 17, fig. 31.
Imperforate, solid, but thin, dark straw-colored ; striatulate ; hav- ing a white band at the suture and a greenish-white columellar area. Spire short, conic, subacute. Whorls 5, convex, the last about equal in length to the spire. Columella vertical, pale corneous or black ; aperture oblong-oval, whitish ; peristome whit- ish, very thin, scarcely reflexed. (Semper.)
Large specimen, alt. 51, diam. 33; aperture, alt. 26, width 17 mill.
Small specimen, alt. 42, diam. 31 ; aperture, alt. 24, width 15 mill.
Lower valley of the Agusan R., and east coast of Mindanao.
C. straminea SEMP., Reis., p. 216, t. 8, f. 10. (" C. cegle var" on expl. to plate viii). — HIDALGO, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 154.
Differs from C. smaragdina in wholly lacking the white sutural zone.
C. CUMINGI Pfeiffer. PL 9, fig. 63.
Imperforate, ovate, very thin, obliquely striated, pellucid, whitish- green, with a red line at the suture. Whorls 4£, slightly convex, the last obsoletely angulated, slightly longer than the spire. Colu- mella flat, subexcavated, brown. Aperture lunate-oval ; peristome simple, the right margin widely expanded, basal margin subreflexed. Alt. 32, diam. 21 mill. (Pfr.)
Camiguin de Mindanao.
Bid.cumingi PFR,, P. Z. S., 1842, p. 88; Monogr. ii, p. 11; Conchyl. Cab. i, p. 66, Sal. 1. 19, f. 3, 4.— PHIL., Abbild. i, Bui. 1. 1, f.
40 COCHLOSTYLA-i;ilM>xr>.
7. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. 61. — Cochlostyla cumingi SEMPER, Reisen, p. 217. — HIDALGO, Obras Malacol. i, t. 59, f. 1.
C. ;EGLE Broderip. PL 1, fig. 12.
Imperforate, solid, rugose-striate, tawny with two darker bands. Spire short, conic, subacute. Whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last about as long as the spire. Columella vertical, straight. Aperture oblong-oval, reddish-white inside ; peristome brown-black, expanded, slightly reflexed. (Pfr.)
Alt. 47, diam. 38 ; aperture, alt. 38, width 15 mill.
Mindanao.
Bidinus cegle BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 181. — Bidimus cegle PFR., Mon. ii, p. 27. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 10, f. 49. — Cochlostyla cegle SEMPER, Reisen, p. 216.
This species is closely allied to the more solid, more opaque and larger C. smaragdina. Indeed, Semper seems disposed to unite smaragdina, cegle, cumingi and straminea as varieties of a single species. This union, although not unlikely, would be premature until their coalescence is proven.
Var. BARAND.E Hidalgo. PL 1, figs. 10, 11 ; pi. 9, figs. 69, 70.
Shell of a shorter, ovate form, the spire shorter and having more convex outlines than in typical wgle. White under a very thin buff cuticle, the lip and a columellar crescent dark brown ; columella flesh colored, slightly concave.
Bui cegle PFR., Conchyl. Cab. t. 49, f. 17, l8.— Coeklostyla bar- tt)nl<i' HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 153.
Several specimens before me, twro of which are figured on pi. 9, figs. 69, 70, show a transition toward the true C. cegle ; and I am therefore inclined to rank this as a variety.
( '. OVIFORMIS Semper. PL 8, fig. 55.
Imperforate, egg-shaped, thin, subdiaphanous, shining; whorls 5, slightly convex, the last a little longer than the spire; suture sub- impressed; columella twisted, subexcavated. Aperture quadrate- oval, white ; peristome thin, reflexed, white.
Length 50, diam. 37 ; aperture, alt. 29, breadth 19 mill. (Sem- per.)
San Juan de Jlisliy, Mindanao.
('. iii'ii'in'inix SKMI\, Ruison im Archip. Phil., Landmoll., p. 218.
COCHLOSTYLA-EUDOXUS. 41
Only one specimen of this pure white and shining species is before me. Perhaps it is merely a very globose white variety of C. smaragdina ; but in the absence of any transition-forms it seems necessary to indicate this as a new species. (Semper.)
C. UBER Pfeiffer. PL 7, fig. 44.
Im perforate, ovate, apex obtuse ; thin, subdiaphanous, buff-whit- ish, obliquely, regularly and closely striated; spire semiglobose, sut- ure impressed, white-margined ; whorls 4, inflated, the last exceed- ing the spire; columella nearly straight, somewhat thickened at the base ; aperture oval ; peristome simple, widely expanded. Alt. 45, diam. 29, alt. of aperture 29, width 18 mill. (Pfr.}
G n imaras, Philippin es.
Bulimus uber PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 153; Monogr. ii, p. 26.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 10, f. 48.
C. PMOSTYLA Pfeiffer. PI. 5, fig. 4 ; pi. 9, figs. 64, 65, 66.
Imperforate, ovate, rather thin, shining, having indistinct growth- lines and fine spiral striae ; buff, olive-buff, or tawny-buff, generally having a dark chestnut band below the suture, another at the periphery, and a wide, dark columellar crescent. Earlier Ii whorls purple-black; lip brown-edged.
The spire is convex-conic, apex rather obtuse. Whorls 5, slightly convex. Aperture ovate, half the length of the shell, white with a dark band inside. Lip thin, expanded and a trifle reflexed, brown- edged. Columella vertical, almost straight, its face narrow, bevelled, light brown, edged outside with white.
Alt. 33, diam. 22 mill.
Alt. 35, diam. 22 mill.
Philippines.
B. plmostylus PFR., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 329 ; Monogr. ii, p. 361. — Cochlostyla phceostyla HIDALGO, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 155, t. 6, f. D ; Obras Molacol., t. 59, f. 7, 8.
The sutural band (fig 66), or the sutural and peripheral bands (fig. 64), are sometimes absent. The shell has somewhat the color- pattern of C. belcheri, but the purple apex, thinner texture, and especially the form of the narrow columella, which is not dilated or spreading, at once separate the two species. The columella of pliaiostyla is as in the typical species of Eudoxus ( C. effusa, etc.), whilst that of C. belcheri has the form developed in C. diana, cati&ta, boholensis, etc.
42 COCHLOSTYLA-FIII-:N<;r>.
Section XIII. PHENGUS Albers, 1850.
Phengus ALB., Die Hel. p. 137, for B. opalinus and B. evanes- cens. — v. MARTENS, Die Hel. 2d edit., p. 180, type H. opalina Sowb. — SEMPER, Reisen im Archipel. Phil. Land moll. p. 212.
Thin-shelled, pale green species, distinctly trochoidal in contour, having no hydrophanous cuticle.
Semper has restricted this section to the two species given below, and in my opinion correctly. The shells have the texture and color of Eudoxus but differ in being trochiform instead of oval or ovate.
Anatomically this section forms a connecting link with Canistrum. The globular accessory gland and the dart sac are becoming obsolete in C. opalina, being much reduced in size, the dart sac containing no dart.
C. OPALINA Sowerby. PL 8, figs. 50, 51.
Imperforate, pyramidal with flattened base and angular periph- ery; thin, somewhat translucent; of a delicate blue-green color, paler above, the suture having a very narrow white border below.
The spire is high with straight sides ; apex obtuse; whorls 6 to 6J, narrow, slowly widening. Aperture very oblique; peristome very narrowly expanded, arched forward above. Columella rather wide, arcuate, white.
Alt. 30, diam. 21 mill.
Alt. 26, diam. 17 mill.
Province Cagayan, Luzon; Camiguin de Luzon, Philippines.
Helix opalina SOWB., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 98.— PFR. in Conchyl. Cab. p. 291, t. 49, f. 6, 7 ; Monogr. i, p. 231.— REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 23, f. 97. — Cochlostyla opalina SEMP., Reisen Landmoll. p. 212, t. 13, f. 8 (anatomy).
This species is quite distinct in its high trochiform contour.
C. DUMONTI Pfeifter. PL 9, fig. 67.
[mperforate, trochoidal, rather thin; color a very faint tint of green below becoming white on the spire, having a narrow sutural margin of red-brown or opaque white, and a peripheral dark line, or a narrow groove in its place.
The contour ia much that of Papuina, being flattened beneath, (•oiio/d'i/ <i l>ore, the periphery oltti<*r/i/ subangular. The surface is lightly striated obliquely; spire conoidal, apexvery obtuse. Whorls
COCHLOSTYEA-CANISTRUM. 43
5, convex. Aperture very oblique, white inside, not showing the band; peristome white or pink, well expanded, arched forward above. Columella white or pink, arcuate.
Alt. 29, diam. 21 mill.
Alt. 26h diam. 21 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
Helix dumonti PFR. in Phil., Abbild. ii, p. 84, Helix, t. 7, f. 6 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 294, t. 49, f. 14, 15 ; Monogr. i, p. 229.— Cochlo- styla dumonti SEMPER, Keisen, Landmoll., p. 213.
The dark peripheral line is inlaid in the surface of the shell, leaving a shallow groove when worn away. The lip in one spec- imen before me is of a delicate pink color.
Section XIV. CANISTRUM Morch, 1852.
Canistrum KL, MORCH, Catal. Yoldi, p. 31 (for B. luzonicus, ovoi- deus, stabilis). — MARTENS in Alb., Die Hel., 2d. edit., p. 180 (type C. luzonica Sow.). — SEMPER, Reisen, p. 219.
Ovate-conic or oblong shells, imperforate and solid ; banded ; with or without hydrophanous cuticle ; surface microscopically striated spirally. Whorls narrow. Lip well expanded, columella vertical.
Anatomically this section differs strikingly from all other Cochlo- stylas which have been investigated, in lacking all accessary glands upon the geuitalia. A single species, C. stabilis, has* been investi- gated, but it may be expected that the other forms of Canistrum, and probably Prochilus and Chrysallis also, will be found to share this peculiarity. Morch was perfectly correct in including but three species in Canistrum ; but all subsequent authors have enlarged the group by the addition of incongruous material.
C. OVOIDEA Bruguiere. PI. 5, figs. 13, 16 (typical), 10, 11, 12, 14,
15 (varieties).
Imperforate, oblong-ovate, solid. White, ivith a peripheral black- brown band, which ascends the spire above the suture, becoming brown.
Spire convex-conical, apex obtuse; whorls 6, slightly convex. Aperture shorter than the spire, long-ovate, white and showing the
44 COCHLOSTYLA-CANISTRIM.
hand inside ; peristome well expanded, thick, white. Columella vertical, indistinctly or more or less obviously folded.
Alt. .">:;, diain. 19 mill.
Alt. 39, diam. 19 mill.
Mt. :•>:{, dial n. 20 mill.
Luzon, Ticao, Masbate, Philippines.
Bid. ovoideus BRUG., Encycl. Muth. i, p. 335, 1792. — Sowr,., Conch. Illustr. f. 53, 105.— B. luzonicus SOWB., P. Z. 8., 1833, p. 73. — REEVE, Conch. Icon. f. 55. — B. costerii EYD. in Guer. Mag. de Zool. t. 116, f. 2.— B. euryzonm PFR., Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1847, p. 147. — PHIL., Abhild. iii, t. 7, f. 10. — Cochlostyla ovoidea SEMPER, Reisen, p. 220. — HIDALGO, Journ de Conch. 1887, p. 179.
The typical ovoidea is represented in figures 13, 16. This is varied by the addition of a brown band covering the white of the body whorl except at suture and base (fig. 14) ; and from this to the form called B. euryzonus (figs. 10, 11, 12, 15) the transitions are abundant. In the typical euryzonus the body-whorl is encircled by three broad dark zones, the lower one sometimes extending to the columella ; the cuticle is yellow, with a white sub- sutural line or band.
C. BALANOIDEA Jonas. PL 6, figs. 17, 18, 19, 20.
Imperforate, oblong-conic, solid. Ground-color yellowish, begirt with three dark chestnut zones, one bordering the suture, one above and the third below the periphery; a small basal tract is vivid green. Hydrophanous cuticle thin, white, worn from the specimens before me except for a series of small patches along the subsutural dark hand, and some whitish streaks behind the lip. The upper two hands ascend the spire.
Spire elevated, apex obtuse, whitish. Whorls 6-1, slightly convex. Aperture shorter than the spire, oblique, white inside ; peristome thick, broadly expanded, white edged with brown. Columella calloused, white, vertical and straight.
Alt. 4:1, diam. lT> mill.
Mindoro, Ph illppines.
B. b'tfunnidesJo-SAs, P. Z. S., 1842, p. 188.— PHIL., Abbild. ii, Bui. t. 6, f. 2.— Ri:r\ i, t. *;>, f. 630.— PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 33.
This solid, oblong species has some resemblance to the trifasciate variety of C. ovoidea, but it differs in the thicker, brown-edged lip,
COCHLOSTYLA-CANISTRUM. 45
non-plicate columella, the green basal area, sutural dark border, etc.
C. STABILIS Sowerby. PI. 6, figs. 25, 26, 27, 28.
Imperforate, ovate-conic, solid, compact. The color, in specimens which have been thoroughly wetted, or denuded of their hydro ph- anous cuticle, is dark chestnut-brown with an indistinct black band at the periphery and a wide snow-white bond under the suture ; spire white with a brown band above the suture (figs. 27, 28). In fresh specimens this coloring is totally concealed by a dense coat of cream- white hydrophanous cuticle, having a narrow black line at the periph- ery and a wider one on the base ; the peripheral line extending up the spire above the sutures, becoming brown there.
Spire elevated, apex obtuse. Whorls 62, slightly convex, narrow. Aperture oval-truncate, nearly white within, and showing faintly the peripheral band ; lip well expanded, white. Columella sub- vertical, white.
Alt. 32, diam. 20 mill.
Alt. 26, diam. 19 mill.
Southern Burias, Philippines.
Helix stabilis SOWERBY, P. Z. S., 1840, p. 104.— Bui. stabilis PFR., Symbolse ii, p. 51 ; Monogr. ii, p. 34; Conch yl. Cab., p. 172, t. 51, f. 6.— PHIL., Abbild., iii, t. 7, f. 4.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 12, f. 67. — Cochlostyla stabilis SEMPER, Reisen im Archip. Phil., Landmoll., p. 219, t. 13, f. 7 ; t. 18, f. 5 (anatomy.)
This is a very solid, high-trochiform species. The young are ear- in ated, and the keel generally persists on the front of the body- whorl. The coloring changes completely when the hydrophanous cuticle is removed. The species is extremely constant in color- pattern. Under a strong lens the whole surface is seen to be finely striated spirally.
C. BREVICULA Pfeiffer. Vol. VII, pi. 47, fig. 64.
Imperforate, subovate, the apex obtuse; obliquely obsoletely striated ; shining, white, covered with a buff epidermis. Whorls 6, narrow, slightly convex, the last about one-third the total length. Columella nearly straight, expanded in a thin plate. Aperture very oblique, transversely semioval ; peristome simple, expanded. (Pfr.). Alt. 28, diam. 18 ; aperture alt., inside, 13, width 9 mill.
Romblon, Philippines.
4<) ( oriII.osTYLA-PIlOCHII.r-.
B. breviculus PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 88 ; Sym\). ii, p. 43 ; Mon- ogr. ii, ]>. 3.1 — PHIL., Abbild. iii, p. 33, t. 7, f. 8.—? ? B. breviculus REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 12, f. do.
Nearly allied to C. stabilis, but readily separated by its short com- pressed contour, more convex whorls and the broad semi-ovate aperture. All examples which I have seen are unicolored white or with a narrow brown crescent around the columella, and having an evanescent yellowish epidermis over the rest. The columella is ver- tical, dilated in a thin reflexed lamina ; the lip simple, pretty broadly expanding. (-P/V.)
Reeve's figure probably does not represent this species.
Section XV. PROCHILUS Albers, 1860.
Prochilus ALBERS in Marten's edit, of Die Heliceen, p. 179, type C. virgata.
Shell narrowly perforated, ovate-pyramidal, smooth and shining ; the spire long. Aperture small, less than half the length of the shell ; peristome very broadly reflexed. The soft parts of these strikingly handsome shells are still unknown, but the affinities of the group seem to be with Canistrum and Chrysallis. They live on trees, like other conspicuously colored Cochlostylas.
C. CALOBAPTA Jonas. PL 15, figs. 7, 8, 9.
Perforate, ovate-pyramidal, thin ; the spire high and slender.
Cream colored or tawny brown, landless or encircled by a dark zone
at periphery and another at umbilicus, the former ascending the spire,
forming a narrow edge above the suture; varied with conspicuous
oblique stripes of cream-white liydrophanous cuticle.
The spire is slender, high; apex obtuse. Whorls 5-}, convex. Aperture oblique, showing the band within : peristome thin, broadly expanded, white ; its reverse having the same color as the general surface of the shell. Columella reflexed, the reflexed edge curving backward, or partly around the umbilicus, at its junction with the base. Alt. 40, diam. 20 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
B. calobaptus JONAS, P. Z. S., 1842, p. 188.— PHIL., Abbild. i, t. lt f. 6.— PFR. in Conchyl. Cab. p. 116, t. 35, f. 11-14; Monogr. ii, p. 42. — Cochlostyla calobapta SEMP., Reis. p. 221. — Bui. cuyoensis KKI.VK, Conch. Icon. t. 9, f. 43.
COCHLOSTYLA-PROCHILUS. 47
This is a decidedly thin shell, and although the whorls are con- vex, the general outlines of the spire are somewhat concave. The length of the aperture is contained about 2£ times in the entire length of the shell.
C. CUYOENSIS PfeifFer. Unfigured.
Subperforate, ovate-pyramidal, rather glabrous, somewhat shining, of a cinnamon-tawny color with flexuous pale streaks and one red- dish band. Suture lightly impressed ; whorls 5£, nearly fiat, the last scarcely exceeding one-third the total length. Columella short, thickened wridely reflexed. Aperture oval ; peristome thin, little expanded.
Alt. 30, diam. 15 ; aperture, alt. 13, width 8 mill.
Island of Cuyo, Philippines, very rare.
B. cwjoensis PFR., P. Z. S., 1842, p. 152 ; Monogr. ii, p. 43.
From the very closely allied C. calobapta this differs in the solid shell, less convex whorls and less dilated peristome.
C. FICTILIS Broderip. PL 16, figs. 16, 17.
Narrowly perforate, fusiform-pyramidal, solid. Cream-white, with longitudinal stripes of dark brown, these streaks often broken into angular spots, sometimes zigzag or branching.
Spire high, apex obtuse ; whorls 6, almost flat. Aperture con- tained about 2J times in the entire length, oblique; periston^e very broadly and roundly expanded and reflexed, its face pure white, lererse cream-white ; basal lip receding. Columella roundly reflexed, strongly calloused above where it joins the base of the shell.
Alt. 34, diam. 15 mill.
Cuyo, Philippines.
Bulinusfidilis~BKOV.,P.Z.S., 1840, p. 96; Conch. Illustr. f. 115, 116. — Bulimus fictilis REEVE, Conch. Syst. ii, t. 173, f. 1 ; Conch. Icon. t. 9, f. 44.— PHIL., Abbild. i, p. 54, Bui. t. 1, f. 5.— PFR, Monogr. ii, p. 53; Conchyl. Cab. p. 211, t. 59, f. 10, 11.— Bulinus larvatus BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 96 ; Conch. Illustr. f. 117.
This form is well differentiated from the group of virgata-dryas- partuloides, being slenderer in contour, and totally different in color- pattern.
48 COCIILOSTYLA-PROCHILUS.
Yar. LARVATA Brod. PI. 15, fig. 10.
Shell more elongated, coloring of the external surface continued upon the reverse of the lip, forming a colored rim on the lower external edge.
Island of Cuyo.
C. YIUGATA Jay. PL 16, figs. 11,12, 13, 14, 15; pi. 17, fig. 3o.
Narrowly perforated, turrited, solid ; the spire slender. Ground- color yelloiv, usually having two or three broad brown zones, and frequently variegated with oblique stripes of cream-colored hydro- phanous cuticle. Whorls 5^, rather convex ; aperture almost half as long as the shell, oblique ; peristome very broadly expanded and reflexed; columella roundly reflexed ; parietal wall having a thin, transparent callus. Alt. 50, diam. 25 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
J3nlimu8virg«tusJAVtCiita\. 1839, p. 120, t. 6', f. 4.— REKYK, Conch. Icon., t. 9, f. 46. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 40. — SOWB., Conch- Illustr., f. 112-114. — Cochlostyla virgata and C. porracea HIDAL<;<>, Journ. de Conchyl. 1887, p. 181. — Bui. sylvanus BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 95. — Partula labrella GRAT., Actes Soc. Linn. Brod., xi, p. 423, t. 4, f. 6.— B. porraceus JAY, Catal., p. 120, t. 6, f. 5.— Cochlo- styla sylvanoides SEMPER, Reisen im Archip. Phil. Landmoll., p. 222, t/10, f. 4.
The principal characters distinguishing this species from C. dryus, are the longer aperture, the thinner parieto-columellar callus, the more convex whorls and slenderer spire, and finally the darker ground-color, which is always yellow.
The following color-varieties are connected by intermediate forms.
The typical coloring (shown in fig. 35 of plate 17) is as fol- lows: Ground color light yellow; two broad brown zones upon the Ixidv whorl continuing upon the reverse of the lip ; apical whorls white; hydrophanous stripes present but sometimes evanescent; lip not black-edged.
Color variety porracea (pi. 17, fig. 36) is of a clear yellow or yel- low-green color, with or without stripes of opaque hydrophanoua cuticle on the earlier whorls ; lip entirely pure white, its reverse clear yellow ; apical whorls white.
Color variety sylvanoides Semper (pi. 17 fig. 37 ; pi. 16, fig. 11) is clear yellow or with white sutural and peripheral hand:?. The earlier whorls are white; the peristome is edged with black-brown,
HELICID>£
PLATE 1
10
HELICID^E.
PLATE 2
HELJCID^E.
PLATE 3
HELICID^E.
PLATE 4
HELICID^E
PLATE 5
HELICIDyE.
PLATE 6
PLATE 7
HELICID^E.
PLATE 8
4-7
55
PLATE 9
67
HELICID>£.
PLATE 1O
HELICID^E.
PLATE 11
PLATE 12
PLATE 13
60
PLATE 15
COCHLOSTYLA-PROCHILUS. 49
its reverse being of the same color. Semper described this from a specimen denuded of cuticle. It is between the preceding and the following in characters.
Color variety pulchrior (pi. 16, figs. 12, 13). Ground color yel- low, having two or three wide dark zones ; striped with hydropha- nous cuticle. Earlier whorls dark purple ; lip edged with black its reverse black-brown. This is the most conspicuous and hand- some form.
C. DRYAS Broderip. PI. 16, figs. 18, 19, 25.
Almost covered but perforated, solid, pyramidal, the spire conically elevated, its lateral outlines straight. Whorls 6J to 7, nearly flat. Aperture decidedly less than half the length of the shell, oblique ; peristome very broadly reflexed, strongly rolled back- ward or recurved at the edge. Reverse of the lip light colored, the dark bands, when present, not continuing upon it. Ground-color white or whitish buff, unicolored or having dark bands below suture, around umbilicus and often at the periphery.
Spire straightly conical. Aperture small, the peristome very broad, its face convex, white, never dark-edged. Columella very heavily calloused above ; parietal callus rather thick at the edge.
Alt. 52, diam. 25 mill.
Alt. 48, diam. 21 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
Bulimus dry as BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 94. — Bulimus dryas PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 41. — REEVE, Conch. Icon., f. 45. — Bulimus par adoxus PFR. in Phil., Abbild. ii, p. 155, t. 6, f. 6. — B. porrdceus SOWB., Conch. Illustr., f. 108-111, not of Jay.
A solider, more straightly conical species than C. virgata, gener- ally having a whorl more, a thicker columellar callus and a lighter ground color, as well as a different color-pattern. Notwithstanding all of these differences there are individuals which it is extremely difficult to satisfactorily name. The principal color patterns are the following:
1. Unicolored white or faint buff (fig. 25).
2. Unicolored white or faint buff, with a dark chestnut band at or near the suture, and another at the columella (fig. 19).
3. The same, but having a broad or narrow brown band at the periphery (fig. 18).
A specimen before me is chestnut-brown, with light apex, white sutural line and darker subsutural and umbilical bands. 4
50 COCHLOSTYLA-PROCHILUS.
C. PARTULOIDES Broderip. PI. 16, figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24.
Narrowly perforate, ovate-pyramidal, the spire straight-sided. Whorls nearly 6, slightly convex. Aperture ovate, somewhat oblique; peristome broadly, flatly expanded, white, its reverse white. Colurnella wide, reflexed, distinctly truncated at the base. Color yellowish, banded with black-brown, or dark chestnut with a white sutural band. Alt. 34, diam. 18 mill.
Tablets and Mindoro, Philippines.
Bulinus partuloides BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 181. — Bulimus par- taloides REEVE, Conch. Icon. t. 11, f. 54. — PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 42.
I am in doubt whether this is more than a variety of C. dryas, although the more typical forms, such as are represented in figures 23, 24, are readily distinguishable by their small size, abruptly truncated columella, etc.
C. NIGROOINCTA Semper. PI. 13, fig. 62.
Perforate, conic-ovate, solid, smooth, shining, white, ornamented with black chestnut bands. Spire conical, tawny above, the apex obtuse. Whorls 5£, nearly flat, the last a little shorter than the spire, carinated in the middle, the keel disappearing anteriorly ; base rounded. Aperture subvertical, truncate-oval; peristome thin, right margin sinuated above, then rather widely spreading; col- umellar margin straightly ascending, vaultingly reflexed. (Pfr.)
Alt. 30, mill. 16 ; aperture with peristome, alt. 15, width 12 mill.
Philippines.
Bulimus pan PFR., P. Z. S., 1861, p. 23, t. 3, f. 5 ; Novit. Conch. p. 163, t. 44, f. 6, 7 ; Monogr. vi, p. 29 (not Helix pan BROD. 1841, also a Cochlostyla). — Cochlostyla nigrocincta SEMPER, Reisen, p. 221.
C. MERCURIUS Pfeiffer. PI. 10, figs. 12, 13.
Perforated, ovate-conic, solid, shining (minutely decussated under a lens), tawny-white, ornamented with wide chestnut bands ; spire turrited-conic, rather acute. Whorls 6£, a trifle convex, the last about three sevenths the entire length ; base rounded ; columella substraightened. Aperture little oblique, truncate-oval; peristome simple, narrowly expanded, the columellar margin vaultingly reflexed. (P/r.)
Alt. 36, diam. 18; aperture alt. 16, width (inside) 9 mill.
Habitat unknown.
COCHLOSTYLA-CHRYSALLIS. 51
Bulimus mereurius PFR., P. Z. S., 1852, p. 59 ; Monogr. iii, p. 340 ; Conchyl. Cab. p. 113, t. 35, f. 3, 4.
Perhaps not a Cochlostyla, but without examining the type I am unable to refer it to any other group.
Section XVI. CHRYSALLIS Albers, 1850.
Chrysallis ALB., Die Hel.,f>. 140 (part). — v. MARTENS in DieHel.
), p. 179, 1860, type C. chrysalidiformis Sow.
Shell perforated, elongated ovate-conic, solid, opaque, not smooth ;
e aperture ovate, less than half the length of the shell; lip broadly expanded ; columellar margin dilated and reflexed. Hydrophanous cuticle generally present.
Anatomy unknown.
These shells resemble Prochilus in general contour and in having the columella or axis of the shell actually perforated — a character in which they differ from all other sections of Cochlostyla except certain forms of Corasia. The species of Chrysallis differ from Proahilus in having the columella strongly folded above but not truncated below ; in the rougher surface, dull coloring and the possession of hydrophanous cuticle.
The three known species of Chrysallis inhabit the island Mindoro. They may be distinguished as follows :
A. Parietal callus and columella porcelain-white, edged with dark brown electrica.
B. Parietal wall not pure white
a. Body whorl well rounded ; aperture nearly half the length of shell mindoroensis.
b. Body whorl laterally compressed ; aperture decidedly less than half the length of shell chrysalidiformis.
C. CHRYSALIDIFORMIS Sowerby. PI. 14, figs. 64, 65, 66, 67.
Shell having a distinct crevice behind the columellar lip, but not perforated ; of an oblong-ovate or cylindrical form ; solid. Typi- cally straw-colored, with a brown sutural band spotted with white and a brown peristome, but often clear buff with white lip, or tawny-chestnut, conspicuously streaked with longitudinal white or yellow stripes. Surface rather coarsely and irregularly wrinkled by growth striae.
52 COCHLOSTYLA-CIIRYSALL1S.
The spire is long, with slightly convex outlines and blunt apex ; whorls 7 or 7£, nearly flat, the last laterally compressed. Aperture small, much less than half as long as the shell ; lip thin, very broadly expanded ; columellar lip dilated ; parietal callus thin.
Alt. 70, diam. 30 mill.
Alt. 65, diam. 30 mill.
Alt. 75, diam. 26 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
Bulinus chrysalidiformis Sows., P. Z. S., 1833, p. 37 ; Conch. Illustr., f. 28.— BROD., P. Z. S., 1840, p. 86.—Bulimus chrysalidi- formis PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 76 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 201,t.57,f. 1-3.— REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. 4, f. 16.— DH. in Fer., Hist., t. 149, f. 3-6, 10, 11.— Bulimus uslulatus JAY, Catal., p. 19, t. 6, f. 1, 1839.— B. aspersus GRAT., Soc. Linn. Bord. xi, p. 421 (in part). — C. antonii SEMPER, Reisen, p. 223.
The laterally-compressed body-whorl, the small aperture, pro- duced at the base of the columella, and the more closed umbilicus, are prominent characters separating this species from its allies.
The typical form (pi. 14, fig. 64) of Sowerby's original description has a pale straw-colored cuticle ornamented with a chestnut sutural band which is spotted with hydrophanous light patches; the lip and columella are dark brown. A variation of this is shown in fig. 65, representing a yellow form with white lip.
Color-var. ustulata Jay (figs. 66, 67) has a dark chestnut or red- chestnut ground-color fading on the spire, and it is striped with broad hydrophanous creamy or yellowish longitudinal bands.
Some specimens of this form are greatly elongated (fig. 67). The outer lip usually shows a slight projection at the middle of its face, produced by a short groove or furrow upon its reverse.
Variety antonii Semper. Shell broader, uniform yellow with white sutural spots; lip white or roseate, very broadly expanded subreflexed.
Alt. 67, diam. 42 mill. ; aperture, alt. 28, width 16 mill.
C. MINDOROENSIS Broderip. PI. 14, figs. 68, 69, 70, 71 ; pi. 15, figs.
1,2.
Umbilicate, conic-elongated-ovate, solid, the surface nearly luster- less, somewhat wrinkled by oblique growth-stria?. Color dark purple.-lmnvn (rarely light yellowish-brown) streaked longitudinally with yellow or cream-white stripes, which are sometimes rather wide
COCHLOSTYLA-CHRYSALLIS. 53
and irregular (fig. 70), sometimes narrow, close and parallel (figs. 71, 1, 2.)
The spire is elevated, and either paler or darker than the body- whorl. Apex obtuse, white or purple. Whorls 51 to 62, slightly convex, the last whorl convex. Aperture ovate, somewhat less than half the entire length of the shell, white inside ; lip broadly expanded and reflexed, dark purple-brown (rarely light flesh-brown). Columella widely dilated, folded, its reflexed edge dark brown. Parietal wall covered with a thin transparent callus, showing the colors of the external surface.
Alt. 64,'diain. 31 mill.
Alt. 48, diam. 26 mill.
Alt. 67, diam. 35 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
Bidinus mindoroensis BROD., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840, p. 84. — Bulimus mindoroensis PFR., Monogr. ii, p. 76; Conchyl. Cab., p. 202, t. 57, f. 4, 5.— REEVE, Conch. Syst. ii,t. 173, f. 5 ; Conch. Icon, t. 4, f. 15. — Bui. wagneri GRAT., Actes Soc. Linn. Bord. ix, p. 164 (teste Pfr.). — Bui. aspersus GRAT., Ibid., p. 421, t. 2, f. 8. — Bui. melanogaster MORCH, Catal. Yoldi, p. 30.
This species is allied in color pattern to C. chrysalidiformis var. ustulata, but may readily be distinguished by its less wrinkled sur- face, larger and wider aperture, less elongated, more rounded body- whorl, etc. It differs from C. electrica in having the parietal wall colored like the exterior of the shell.
Occasional specimens possess a dark peripheral girdle bordered above with a light band (fig. 70). The B. aspersus of Grateloup (pi. 14, fig. 69) has no differential characters.
C. ELECTRICA Reeve. PI. 15, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6.
Perforate, ovate-turrited, rather solid. Surface nearly smooth, somewhat wrinkled by growth-lines and having subobsolete fine spiral striae. Ground-color dark chestnut, covered with a thin but even coat of brown cuticle, which is more or less variegated by narrow lightning streaks of crean^-white accompanied by dark streaks ; periphery begirt with a dark girdle (rarely obsolete) ; um- bilical tract dark also, denuded of hydrophanous cuticle.
Spire conical, apex obtuse; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last whorl convex. Aperture half the total length of the shell or some- what less, white inside ; lip broadly and flatly expanded, dark
54 COCHLOSTYLA-CHRYSALLIS.
brown. Columella broad, distinctly folded ; parietal wall and col- umella covered with a heavy deposit of pure white callus, the reflexed edge of the columella and a band at the edge of the parietal callus dark brown. Alt. 59, diam. 31 mill.
Mindoro, Philippines.
Bulimus electricus REEVE, Conch. Icon., t. v, f. 21 (April, 1848). — PFR., Monogr. iii, p. 326. — Bui. lichenifer MORCH, Catal. Conch. Kierulf, p. 29, t. 1, f. 3 (October, 1850).— Bui. cailliaudi PETIT, Journ. de Conchyl. 1850, p. 414, t. 13, f. 3.
This species is allied in form to C. mindoroensis,})ut it differs in hav- ing the columella and parietal wall covered with an opaque porce- lain-white callus edged with a brown band. The external coloration of the shell, also, is different.
There can be no reasonable doubt that the three forms included in the above synonymy are specifically identical. Fig. 4 is Reeve's original electrica ; fig. 5 is the lichenifer of Morch ; fig. 3 is drawn from a specimen before me.
Color-var. cailliaudi Petit (fig. 6) is a pale yellow individual or perhaps a pale race, holding the same relation to the dark forms that the typical C. chrysalidiformis holds to the var. ustulata Jay.
HELIX-LEUCOCHROA. 55
SUPPLEMENT TO HELIX.
The following pages contain descriptions of species which have been made known since the publication of the various parts of this work treating of the genus Helix, and also of certain species omitted in the body of the work.
Genus SAGDA (Vol. Ill, p. 5).
From this group must be removed the species circumfirmata Redf. and discrepans Pfr. (p. 9), of Bermuda. These belong to PCECILO ZONITES, a genus of Zomtidce (Vid. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phila. 1888, p. 285).
Genus LEUCOCHROA (Vol. Ill, p. 10).
KOBELT, in his continuation of Rossmiissler's Iconographie (new series, vol. iii, p. 29-43, 1887), has discussed this group with his accustomed acumen, and has illustrated a large series of specific and varietal forms. He seems to consider H. thayaca and H. titanodolena of Bourg. as mere varieties of H. otthiana, but SPIRONO MALA (pi. 21, figs. 10, 11) he thinks is a well-defined and distinct species.
L. CANDIDISSIMA var. SAKDOA Maltzan.
Illustrations of this Sardinian species or variety are given by Kobelt ; the form has been referred to bcetica by some, to rimosa Christ, and Jan by other authors. It is probably a local variety or sub-species of candidissima.
L. OCTINELLA Bourguignat. PL 21, figs. 7, 8, 9.
See Manual iii, p. 13. The figures here given are from Kobelt. This form differs from cariosula in the much stronger keel, and the rougher sculpture, but intermediate specimens will probably be found.
St. Denis au Sig S.-E. of Or an.
L. DEBEAUXI Kobelt. PI. 21, figs. 4, 5, 6.
The sculpture consists above of close, irregular wrinkles, which are coarser and more uneven than in octinella and Kobeltiana-, the whorls are shouldered, the last whorl becoming rounded toward the aperture, by the obsolescence of the keel. This seems to be a species distinct from Kobelti and mayrani.
Near Nemours, and Leila Marnia, Algier.
56 HELIX-LEUCOCHROA.
L. HISPANICA Westerlund. PI. 21, figs. 1, 2, 3.
Shell depressed-globuloid, covered umbilicate or with the umbili- cus wholly closed, solid, chalky, gray-white, not shining, more or less wrinkle-striate, the apex smooth, shining, submamillar, whorls 5, the upper slightly convex, separated by a crenulated suture, regularly and slowly increasing ; last whorl slightly dilated, angulated at the periphery, the angle often becoming obsolete toward the aperture ; arcuately deflexed in front, beneath convex, flat around the umbilicus, into which it passes by a right angle. Aperture small, semi-ovate subangulate outside ; peristome lightly thickened] mar- gins joined by a thin callus, the upper margin much produced, outer slightly reflexed, basal more or less dilated above the umbilicus. Alt. 14, greater diam. 18, lesser Ifi mill. (Kob.}
Almeria and Malaga, southern Spain.
H. cariosula ROSSM., Icon, iii, p. 17, not Mich. — L. hispanica WESTERL., Fauna Palsearct. Binnenconch. i, p. 87. — KOBELT, contin. of Rossm. Icon. n. f., iii, p. 39, f. 448, 449.
L. SAHARICA Debeaux. PI. 21, figs. 15, 16, 17.
Shell subglobose-conoidal, exumbilicate, angulate, scarcely shin- ing, chalky, white or slightly buff; irregularly striated ; spine conoid, apex rather obtuse, smooth, white; suture profoundly impressed, very slightly crenulated, whorls 5? slightly convex, regularly widening, angulated above the suture; last whorl slightly dilated, distinctly angulated in the middle but hardly carinated, deflexed in front, base convex. Aperture ovate, lunate, oblique; peristome thickened in adults, the outer and lower margins a little reflexed ; margins parallel, insertions distant, joined by a callus; columellar very little excavated, dilated at the insertion entirely closing the umbilicus. Alt. 15, greater diam. 20£, lesser 18 mill. (Kob.)
Oases of the desert border, southern Or an.
L. saharica (Deb. in sched.) KOBELT, Nachr. Bl. 1887, p. 124; Iconogr. iii, p. 36, f. 439, 440.
This seems to be a species peculiar to the Southern Oran desert border, occurring with the two-toothed Macularias. The peculiar suture, the slow increase of the whorls and the lusterless upper sur- face remind one of the group of H. cariosula, and sunder this form from the keeled varieties of H. candidissima.
HELIX-LAOMA. 57
L. ISSERICA Kobelt. PI. 21, figs. 12, 13, 14.
Shell depressed -trochoidal umbilicate, or having the umbilicus more or less covered, or entirely so; periphery angulate, base a little convex. Solid, chalky, striatulate, rather shining, white or yellowish-white. Spire conoid, the apex peculiarly exserted. Whorls 6, those of the apex convex, the following flat, lightly impressed above the suture, forming a keel, which the impressed, slightly crenulated suture follows ; last whorl inflated but scarcely dilated, angulate-carinated, convex above and below : no umbilical angle ; at the aperture the whorl descends suddenly and deeply. Aperture very oblique, ovate-angulate, moderately lunate, margins somewhat approaching, joined by a very thin callus; upper mar- gin straight, produced, acute, forming an angle with the scarcely reflexed outer lip, basal lip thickened, a little reflexed, dilated over the umbilicus at the insertion. Alt. 15-18, diam. greater 2H-24, lesser 185-21 mill. (Kob.)
Tizi R'rir, at the passage of the oriental Isser, below Palestro.
Leucochroa isserica KOB., Icon. Land u. Siisswasser-Moll. (n. f.), iii, p. 33, f. 429-432, 1887.
This form lies between the groups of candidissima and otthiana. It cannot be united with the former on account of the form of the apex. It differs from spiranomala in lacking an umbilical angle, and in having the whorls much less closely united at the sutures ; it differs from thayaca and titanodolena in having the whorl much more deeply deflexed at the aperture. The species is probably con- fined to the basin of the Isser, and seems to be widely distributed therein.
Unfigured Leucochroce.
L. ADANENSIS Naegele, Nachr.-Bl. D. M. Ges. 1890, p. 140. Adana, Cilicia, Syria. Resembles fanbriata Bgt., but is more depressed, the umbilicus is constant though more or less covered; the keel is not crenulated, and the size is larger — alt. 8-10, diam. 16-18 mill.
Genus LAOMA (vol. Ill, p. 68, -f PhrixgnathusrIII, p. 37). Laoma (Gray) PILS., Nautilus, Sept. 5, 1892, p. 55.
L. MARINA Hutton. PL 23, figs. 17-20.
Shell small, trochiform, carinated, narrowly perforated ; thin ; subtranslucent, corneous, closely striped with reddish undulating or
58 HELIX-LAOMA.
zigzag streaks, radiating on the base, oblique above; the cord-like keel alternately white and reddish. Surface obliquely regularly striated ; shining with a golden luster.
Spire conic, with slightly convex slopes; apex slightly obtuse. Whorls 6, flat, the carina projecting cord-like alon^ the sutures ; last whorl somewhat concave above and below the peripheral keel ; base convex.
Aperture somewhat oblique, rhombic ; columella thickened within and bearing a strong spiral fold ; parietal wall bearing one or two strong entering folds, outer lip having one fold above the periphery and from one to three upon the base. Lip sharp, dark-edged ; sim- ple except at the columella, where it is expanded.
Alt. 2-3, diam. 3'5 mill.
North I* land of New Zealand at Forty-mile Bush, Mt. Welling- ton and Remuera, near Auckland.
Endodonta marina BUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 196. — Laoma marina SUTER, /. c. xxiv, p. 283, 298, t. 23, f. 41, 42 (jaw and dentition). — E. nerissa HUTTON, op. cit., p. 196 ; of. Suter, op. cit. p. 283.
Suter has shown that the number of teeth developed varies from three to seven, Button's L. nerissa being founded upon specimens with the last number (fig. 18.)
This species has the contour and coloring of L. pcecilosticta Pfr., but in the teeth it resembles L. leimonias.
L. CONELLA Pfr. PL 23, fig. 16.
Shell very narrowly perforated, depressed-turbinate, distinctly angled at the circumference, about equally convex above and below the keel ; thin, somewhat translucent, horny with close irreg- ular stripes of tawny-brown, which radiate below, and descend obliquely forward above. Surface smooth, having a dull silky luster but not shining ; growth striae very delicate.
Spire low-conoidal, apex obtuse ; whorls 4], rather convex. Aperture somewhat oblique, sublunate ; peristome simple, thin, the upper lip arched forward ; columellar lip dilated and subreflexed. Umbilical perforation minute, almost concealed in the adult.
Alt. 2, diam. 3 mill.
Kakepuku. Horokiwi, Wellington and Auckland, New Zealand.
H. conella PFR., Mai. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 147 ; Monogr. v, p. 86.— Phrixgnathus conella HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 1(J(>.
HELIX-LAOMA. 59
Pfeiffer's description indicates a shell larger than the individual described above and figured ; some others before me have rather higher spire.
L. ARIEL H utton. Unfigured.
Shell small, depressed, scarcely shining, finely ribbed, subperfor- ate; color pale yellowish-horny. Spire conoidal, depressed, with 5 slowly increasing whorls, the last obscurely carinated ; finely stri- ately ribbed, the base delicately spirally striatulate ; suture impressed; umbilicus covered ; aperture oblique, lunate; peristome thin, the columellar margin reflected.
Greatest diameter '13, least '12, height "1 inch. (Hutt.*) North Island of New Zealand at Auckland, Wanganui Parua Bay near Whangarei.
Phrixgnathus ariel HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, pp. 177, 196, 1883.— SUTER, 1. c., 1891, p. 278.
Distinguished from the other species of the genus by being finely ribbed, and from H. pwcilosticta by the columella not being thick- ened, and the suture not margined. From H. granum it differs in color and in having the umbilicus covered. (Hutton.')
L. TRANSITANS Suter. PL 23, figs. 85, 86, 87.
Shell conoidal, subperforated, finely striated with growth lines, faintly shining; color pale yellow-horn, irregularly banded with chestnut; transparent, fragile. Spire conoidal, apex rather obtuse. Whorls 5, slowly and regularly increasing, rather flattened, the last acutely keeled, striae very delicate, slightly arcuate; suture not deep, not margined. Aperture vertical, subrhomboidal ; peristome rather thin, angulated ; outer lip strongly callous, the white cal- losity reaching to a good distance in the interior. Columellar mar- gin slightly deflexed, callous, short, regularly arched. Base convex. Umbilicus very narrow, partly covered. In young specimens the callosity extends very far backwards, and the umbilicus is open. Diameter, greatest 3, least 2s, height, 2J mill. (Sut.)
Heavy Bush, Parua Bay, Whangarei (Ch. T. Musson).
Phrixgnathus transitans SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1891, p. 297, t. 22, f. 40a, 6.
This species is very near Ph. marina Hutt., but has no lamellae or teeth in the aperture, and the suture is not margined. It may be
60 HELIX-LAOMA.
considered as an intermediate form between Phrlxgnathus and the subgenus Laoma.
Among the few specimens none had the animal left in, and the dentition, therefore, remains unknown for the present. (Suter.)
L. MARGINATA Hutton. PI. 23, figs. 94, 95, 96.
Shell small, conical, umbilicated, striated. Color pale horny- brown, regularly longitudinally banded with reddish-fulvous, the fulvous bauds becoming obsolete near the mouth, base pale horny- brown. Spire conical, slightly acute ; whorls 5£, flattened, sharply keeled; the fir^t 1? whorls smooth, but spirally striated, the rest longitudinally striated with growth-lines ; base slightly convex, radiately striated, and very delicately spirally striatulated ; periph- ery sharply keeled; suture marginated; umbilicus narrow, about one-tenth of the diameter ; aperture vertical, rhomboidal ; peri- stome thin, the outer and inner margins nearly parallel, columellar margin slightly reflected. Greatest diameter O15, least 0*13, height 0*1 inch.
Animal small, eye peduncles long, the tentacles moderate; body elongate, foot slightly produced behind beyond the shell. Color pale yellowish ; peduncles, a stripe on each side of the head, and another short stripe in the middle on each side of the foot purplish- gray. Dentition, 40-1-40. (HutQ
Greymouth, New Zealand.
Phrixgnathm marginatus HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, p. 137, 1882 ; I. c., xvi, p. 196.
The figures were drawn from the type.
L. CELIA Hutton. Vol. IX, PL 1, fig. 10.
Shell trochoidal, narrowly umbilicated, carinated. Somewhat translucent, alternately flamed with white and reddish-brown above, horny-brown beneath. Surface apparently smooth and lustrous, but not glabrous; under a lens seen to be obliquely striated, decus- sated by very fine, crowded spiral lines.
Spire conical, composed of 5 whorls, which are rather convex and separated by simple, slightly impressed sutures. Last whorl dis- tinctly but rather bluntly angular at the periphery, very convex below, and deeply indented around the umbilicus. Aperture slightly oblique ; peristome thin, expanded at the columella.
Alt. 2, diam. 2* mill.
HELIX-LAOMA. 61
New Zealand, at Wanganui, Wellington, Horokiwi and near Maur- iceville, Forty-mile Bush, North Island ; and Dunedin and Mulford Sound, Greymouth and Temuka, South Island.
Phrixgnathus celia HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. lust, xvi, p. 176, 197, — SUTER, I.e., xxiv, p. 274. — Helix fatua HUTTON, I. c., xiv, p. 153, t. 3, f. N (jaw). Not H. fatua of Pfr.
The beautiful beading of the surface is a notable character, but is seen only under a strong lens.
L. PHRYNIA Hutton. PI. 23, figs. 88, 89, 90.
Shell minute, conoidal, umbilicated, the epidermis plicated. Color pale horny, radiately streaked with rufous. Spire conoidal, acute; periphery obtusely angled; suture impressed; whorls 5, rounded, smooth, the epidermis rather distinctly wrinkled ; umbili- cus narrow, open ; aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar ; peri- stome thin, the margins approximating ; the columellar margin scarcely reflected. Greatest diameter •!, least '09, height '09 incht
Very near P. celia, but differs in the plaited epidermis. (Hutt.)
Wanganui, North Island, New Zealand.
Phrixgnathus phrynia HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 197.
L. ACANTHINULOPSIS Suter. PI. 23, figs. 100, 1, 2.
Shell small, conoidal, umbilicated ; color pale horny with regular broad streaks of rufous, faintly shining, transparent, fragile. Epi- dermis with slightly sinuated membranaceous plaits, about 12 in the tenth of an inch (5 per mill.). Spire conoidal, rather depressed. Whorls 5, slowly but regularly increasing, rounded ; periphery cari- nated. Suture impressed. Aperture oblique, rotundly lunar. Peristome thin, straight; the margins slightly approximating. The columellar margin scarcely reflected, somewhat callous inside. Umbilicus moderate, deep, open, one-fourth of the diameter.
Diameter 0'12 in. (3 mm.), height 0'08 in. (2 mm.). (Suter. )
South Island N. Z., White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley. Amongst dead leaves and mould in the subalpine bush. Rather scarce.
This species is very near Ph. phrynia, Hutt., but the sjrire is more depressed and the umbilicus larger. Animal: jaw arcuate, not tapering, lamellate, the lamella flat, densely covered with hair-like papillae; about five of the central lamellae much broader than the others. Dentition: 21-1-21. Central tooth rectangular, much longer than broad, reflexed portion nearly half the length of the
62 HELIX-LAOMA.
base, unicusjtid, marginal teeth twice as broad as the central tooth, bicuspid, the cutting-points growing larger and reaching the poste- rior margin of the base as they approach the margin of the radii la. The last two teeth much broader than long, with rudimentary cusps. (8ul.)
Phrixgnathus acanthinulopsis SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 92, t. 18, f. 11, a, b, S, T (shell and dentition).
L. TITANIA Hutton. PL 23, figs. 82, 83, 84.
Shell globosely conoidal, umbilicated, striated ; pale horny, irregu- larly banded with chestnut. Spire conoidal, rather obtuse ; periph- ery obtusely carinated ; suture margined ; whorls 5-6, rounded, very finely striated ; umbilicus broad, perspective ; aperture very slightly oblique, subcircular ; peristome thin, the margins closely converging; columellar margin not reflected.
Greatest diameter '14, least *12, height '10 inch. (J/i/tt.) Differs from P. sciadium in the higher spire and the obtuse keel.
Dunedin, S. Island, New Zealand.
Phrixgnathus titania HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 177, 198 (1883). The type specimen is figured.
L. HAASTI Hutton. PL 23, figs. 91, 92, 93.
Shell minute, depressed, smooth, shining, umbilicated; color horny, usually with irregular radiating bands of reddish brown and white. Spire conoidal, depressed ; whorls 4-1, slowly increasing, rounded, the last subcarinated, obscurely distantly striated ; suture impressed; umbilicus moderate, pervious, showing the penultimate whorl; aperture subvertical, lunately subcircular ; peristome thin, arched, the margins not approaching.
Greatest diameter '12, least •!, height '07 inch.
Distinguished by its smooth, shining surface and brown and white bands. Its generic position must remain doubtful until the dentition is known. (Hutt.*)
Mi. Somers, Canterbury, South L, New Zealand, on limestone cliffs.
Phrixgnathus (/) haasti HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 177, 198.
HELIX-LAOMA. 63
L. PUMILA Hutton. PL 23, figs. 97, 98, 99.
Shell minute, sub-discoidal, umbilicated, thin, translucent, smooth, scarcely shining, with distant plait-like ribs ; color horny brown. Spire slightly convex; whorls 4, increasing rather rapidly, rounded with regular, distant membraneous ribs, about 20 to 25 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices finely reticulated ; suture impressed ; umbilicus rather large, about one-fourth the diameter of the shell, gradated, pervious ; aperture large, rather oblique, subcircular, broader than high; peristome thin, regularly arched, the columellar margin slightly reflected. (Hutf)
Alt. -75, diam. 1'75 mill.
Eyreton, N. Canterbury, and Christchurch, New Zealand.
Microphysa (f) pumila HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, p. 134, 1882 ; 1. c., xvi, p. 195. — Phrixgnathus pumilus SUTER, in lit.
This species has much the aspect of Patula, but it is referred by Mr. Suter to Phrixgnathus.
L. MICRORETICULATA Suter. PL 23, figs. 13, 14, 15.
Shell very small, globosely elevated, horny-fulvous, shining, very thin, pellucid, finely striated, reticulated between the striae. Spire conical, elevated. Whorls 5, rounded, regularly increasing. Suture impressed. Aperture oblique, rotundly lunar, but little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, margins faintly convergent ; columellar margiu somewhat reflected, descend- ing straight. Umbilicus narrow, deep.
Diameter O07 in. (17 mm.), height O05 in. (T3 mm.). (Suter.) Badwellj Forty-mile Bmh> N. Island, New Zealand.
Hyalina microreticulata SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii, 1889, p. 227, t. 15, f. 13a, b. — Phrixgnathus microreticulata SUTER, in lit.
L. ALLOCHROIDA Suter. PL 23, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6.
Shell very small, depressed ; the first three whorls colorless, the penultimate yellowish-horny, and ihe last horny-fulvous; very thin, pellucid, with distant fine ribs, directed backwards on the surface and somewhat arcuated on the side; about 30 ribs in the tenth of an inch (12 per mm.). Distinctly reticulated between the ribs. Spire slightly elevated. Whorls 5, swollen, regularly increasing, the last not descending. Suture deep. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peri- stome straight, acute, margins convergent, columellar margin
64 HELIX-GERONTIA.
slightly reflected, slightly bent downward. Umbilicus very narrow. (Snter.) Alt. 1, diam 1'5 mill.'
Near Mauriceville, in the bush, North Island, New Zealand. Hyalina allochroida SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 228, t. 15, f. 14 a— c; with var. sericata, loc. cit., f. 15 a, b, and var. lateumbili- cata, f. 16 a, b. — Phrixgnathus allochroida SUTER, in lit.
Var. sericata Suter. PL 23, figs. 7, 8, 9.
Shell very small, depressed, yellowish-horny, thin, pellucid, closely and finely ribbed, ribs bent backwards on the surface, slightly undulating on the periphery ; about 60 ribs in the tenth of an inch (25 per mm.). Spire slightly elevated. Whorls 5, slowly and regularly increasing, narrow, rounded, the last not descending. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, lunar, higher than broad, little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, upper margin somewhat advancing, columellar margin not reflected, obliquely bent downwards. Umbilicus very narrow.
Diameter 0'05 in. (T2 mm.), height 0'03 in. (O7 mm.). (Suter.)
Under dead leaves and rotten wood in the bush. Found only
one specimen. North Island ; Forty-mile Bush ; Hastwell. (H. &)
Var. lateumbilicata Suter. PL 23, figs. 10, 11, 12.
Shell very small, depressed, yellowish-horny, shining, pellucid, thin, with rather distant ribs, bent backwards on the surface, oblique and undulated on the periphery. Interstices reticulated. Spire slightly elevated, apex smooth, colorless. Whorls 5, regularly and slowly increasing, narrow, rounded, the last rather descending. Aperture very oblique, rotundly lunar, little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, margins convergent ; columellar margin slightly reflected, arcuately bent downwards. Umbilicus open, deep, about one -fifth of the diameter.
Diameter 0'06 in. (T5 mm.), height 0*04 in. (1 mm.).
Amongst dead leaves and mould in the bush. North Island ; Forty-mile Bush ; Hastwell. (H. &)
Genus GERONTIA Hutton, 1883.
This name may be used in an enlarged sense to include all of the New Zealand Helices having a Patuloid shell, a caudal mucus gland and decidedly Patuloid rather than Zonitoid marginal teeth of the radula. For these forms Hutton proposed a family, Charo- pidce ; but on the ground that the genus Charopa was founded upon
HELIX-GERONTIA. 65
a species of Patula, Suter has changed the family name to Phenaco- helicidce, including therein the genera Phacussa Hutt., Thalassia (Hutt. non Alb.), Gerontia Hutt., Payra (Hutt. non Stal.), Pyrrlia, Therasia, Phenacohelix, Patulopsis (Suter non Strebel), Amphidoxa (of N. Z. authors, non Alb.) and Calymna. Now with the excep- tion of Phacussa and perhaps Thalassia, these groups have a denti- tion unequivocally Patuloid. The figures given by Hutton and by Suter do not satisfactorily show the contours of the basal plates (base of attachment) of the marginal teeth of Phacussa or Thalas- sia, and I can therefore offer no intelligent opinion upon the sys- tematic position of those groups ; but I am inclined to regard the marginal teeth as pseudo-zomtoid, rather than truly aculeate.
The names proposed for species of this group in chronological order are as follows :
1. Gerontia Hutt., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, p. 135, May, 1883. (Type G. pantherina Hutt.)
2. Therasia Hutt., Ibid, xvi, p. 182, May, 1884. (Type T. cel- inde Gray.)
3. Calymna Hutt., Ibid, xvi, p. 199, May, 1884. (Type C. costu- lata Hutt.)
4. Pyrrha Hutt., Ibid, xvi, p. 200, May, 1884. (Type P. cressida Hutt.)
5. Psyra Hutt., Ibid, xvi, p. 201, May, 1884, (Type H. dimorpha Pfr.)
6. Phenacohelix Suter, Ibid, xxiv, p. 270, 1891. (Type H. pilula Eve.)
7. Patulopsis Suter, Ibid, xxiv, p. 270, 1891. (Type H. ide Gray.)
For further notes, see The Nautilus for September, 1892, p. 54.
Section GERONTIA Hutton (s. sir.').
G. PANTHERINA Hutton. Vol. IX, PI. 3, figS. 1, 2, 3.
Shell depressed, broadly and deeply umbilicated, obtusely cari- nated above the periphery ; thin and rather fragile ; green-corneous, a little translucent. Surface lustrous, sculptured with close fine, unequal ribs of cuticle.
Spire slightly convex; whorls 4i, convex, separated by deep sutures, the last whorl not descending in front. Aperture oblique, round-lunar; peristome thin and simple; parietal wall smooth, blue-white. Alt. 4<i, diam. 9 mill.
5 Greymouth, New Zealand.
66 HELIX-ALLODISCUS.
G. pantherina HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, p. 135 ; Ibid, xvi, p. 166, 200, t. 9, f. I, t. 11, f. R (jaw and dentition).
This species has something the aspect of a small Selenites con- cavus, but the surface is finely and densely striated and the shoulder is obtusely angled.
G. CORDELIA Hutton. PI. 22, figs. 34, 35, 36.
Shell subdiscoidal, widely umbilicated, striated ; color pale horny, marbled with reddish-brown and covered with a shining yellow epidermis. Spire convex; whorl? 4£, slowly increasing, rounded, with tolerably regular, rather crowded, and rather coarse strise of old growth-lines, suture impressed ; umbilicus broad, conical, show- ing all the whorls, but not gradated ; aperture slightly oblique, sub- circular peristome thin, right margin descending, columellar mar- gin rapidly ascending but not vertical, the two margins not approaching. Greatest diameter '32, least '27, height '18 inch. (Butt.)
Titirangi, Auckland (T. F. Cheeseman).
G. cordelia HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 179 (1884).
I place this species in Gerontia from the general appearance of the shell, but do not know the animal nor the dentition. It differs from G. pantherina in being more convex, in the epidermis not being plaited, in being more coarsely striated, in the right margin descend- ing, in the aperture being less oblique, and in its colors. (Hutt.)
My figures were drawn by Mr. Suter from Prof. Button's type.
Section ALLODISCUS Pilsbry.
Allodiscus PILS., The Nautilus, Sept. 5, 1892, p. 56, type ff. dimorpha Pfr. — Psyra HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 201, May, 1884.— Not Psyra Stal, 1876, a genus of Orthoptera.
G. DIMORPHA Pfr. (vol. II, p. 211).
G. CASSANDRA Hutton. PI. 22, figs. 37, 38, 39.
Shell depressed, subperforate, closely ribbed ; color pale horny, with longitudinal angulated bands of chestnut. Spire conoidal, depressed, obtuse; whorls 5-1, gradually increasing, very finely ribbed; ribs about 20 in the tenth of an inch ; periphery rounded; suture impressed ; umbilicus very narrow, almost covered; aperture rather oblique, rotundly lunate; peristome acute, straight, the mar-
HELIX-ALLODISCUS. 67
gins not approaching; columellar margin obliquely ascending, slightly reflected and thickened. Diameter '5 inch. (Hutt.)
The generic position of this shell is very doubtful ; it somewhat resembles H. igniflua, but differs in its very narrow umbilicus. The only specimens I have seen were old and rubbed. (Hutt.*)
Napier, North /., New Zealand.
Charopa (7) cassandra HUTT., Tr. N. Z. I. xvi, p. 181. — Psyra cassandra HUTT., Ibid., p. 201.
My figures were drawn from Prof. Hutton's type.
G. VENULATA Pfr. (See Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 201 ; Manual II, p. 211.)
G. TULLIA Gray. (Manual vol. II, p. 211.)
G. ADRIANA Hutton. TJnfigured.
Shell small, discoidal, narrowly umbilicated, finely ribbed ; color pale horny with spots and angular streaks of chestnut. Spire flat ; whorls 4?, slowly increasing, rounded, delicately ribbed ; ribs about 50 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices reticulated; suture impressed ; umbilicus narrow, but open ; aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar ; peristome thin, regularly arched, the columellar margin slightly reflected.
Greatest diameter '16, least *14, height '07 inch. (Hutt.}
Bank's Peninsula; and Napier, North I., New Zealand.
Fruticicola adriana HUTT,, Tr. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 175. — Payra adriana HUTT., Ibid. p. 201.
The specimens before me are immature. Hutton says : spire flat, closely ribbed ; ribs about 40 in the tenth of an inch ; umbilicus narrow but open.
G. PLANULATA Hutton. Vol. IX, PI. 3, figs. 4, 5, 6.
Shell small, depressed, subperforated, closely ribbed, rather shin- ing ; color horny-brown, sometimes clouded with rufous. Spire slightly elevated, flatly convex ; whorls 41-5, slowly increasing, rounded, ornamented with fine, slightly undulating ribs about 35 to 40 in the tenth of an inch, the interstice's finely striated with growth lines; last whorl rounded at the periphery, but slightly flattened below; sutures impressed; umbilicus very narrow and generally covered over by the reflected columellar lip; aperture subvertical, transversely rotundly lunar ; peristome thin ; the right
68 HELIX-ALLODI8CU8.
margin descending, then arched ; columellar margin thickened, rapidly ascending and slightly reflected ; basal margin rather flat- tened ; interior slightly callous.
Greatest diameter *15, least *12 ; height '6 inch. (Hutt.)
Auckland and Greymouth, New Zealand.
Charopa planulata HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 181, t. 9, f. I (dentition). — Psyra planulata HUTT., Ibid. p. 202.
Iii the specimen figured there are about 21 riblets per millimeter upon the front of the body-whorl at the periphery.
G. MIRANDA Button. PL 22, figs. 40, 41, 42.
Shell minute, depressed, imperforate, finely ribbed ; color pale horny, tessellated with rufous. Spire flatly conoidal, obtuse; whorls 5-6, rounded, very slowly increasing ; the first smooth, the second and third with rather distant, delicate ribs, which get closer and after the third whorl are very close and fine, about fifty in the tenth of an inch ; umbilicus very narrow, covered ; suture impressed ; aperture subvertical, lunate ; peristome simple, about three-fourths of a circle, the columellar margin slightly callous and reflected. Greatest diameter '15, least '14, height '11 inch. (Hutt.)
Animal : mantle subcentral ; tail truncated, with a mucus gland below a papilla ; eye peduncles thick, approximated at their bases. Anterior portion of the animal, including the eye peduncles and tentacles, pale purplish, the peduncles darker ; a narrow white line down the back; foot and the rest of the body yellowish-white. (Hutt.y
Greymouth, New Zealand.
Charopa miranda HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 180, t. 9, f. w, t. 11, f. 8 (dentition and jaw). — Psyra miranda HUTT., Ibid. p. 202.
My figures are drawn from Prof. Button's type.
G. GODETI Suter. PL 22, figs. 43, 44, 45.
Shell discoidal, perforated, color horny, without any markings, not shining, transparent, thin, with strong, rather distant, and almost straight radiating ribs, about 23 in the tenth of an inch (9 per mm.). Spire flat. Whorls 5, slightly rounded, narrow, regu- larly increasing, the last not descending. Suture impressed. Aperture subvertical, lunar, considerably excavated by the penulti- mate whorl. Peristome straight, simple, basal margin slightly
HELIX-PHENACOHELIX, SUTERIA. 69
arcuated. Columellar margin very short, but little reflected, slightly thickened. Umbilicus very narrow, but open. (Suter.}
Alt. 2-5, diam. 4*5 mill.
Foot of Sealy Range, Hooker Valley, South Island, N. Z. ; under stones.
Psyra godeti SUT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiii, p. 90, t. 17, f. 8, a, b (shell) ; O, P (jaw and dentition).
Stands nearest to Psyra tullia Gray, but is easily distinguished by the absence of color-markings, the stronger more distant ribs and the open umbilicus.
Section PHENACOHELIX Suter, 1891. G. IOTA Pfr. (Vol. II, p. 212.) G. GRANUM Pfr. (Vol. II, p. 212.)
G. CHORDATA Pfr.
Section SUTERIA Pilsbry.
Suteria PILS., The Nautilus, Sept. 5, 1892, p. 56, type H. ide Gray. — Charopa HUTTON, olim, non Albers. — Patulopsis SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiv, p. 270, 1891, type H. ida Gray ; not Patu- lopsis Strebel, 1879, a Mexican group of Zonitidce.
G. IDE Gray. (Vol. II, p. 210.; G. ZIGZAG Gould. (Vol. II, p. 210.)
This species, described in 1846, is evidently distinct from H. ide Gray. The specimens were found by Dr. Pickering, of the U. S. Expl. Exped., in a crater near Taiaimi, N. Z.
Section THERASIA Hutton, 1884.
A. Subperforate species. G. CELINDE Gray. (Manual II, p. 211.) G. VALERIA Hutton. PL 22, figs. 46, 47, 48.
Shell globose-conoid al, depressed, finely ribbed, subperforate ; color pale horny, irregularly marked with rufous. Spire conoidal, obtuse ; periphery obtusely angled ; suture scarcely impressed ; whorls 4-5, rather flattened, irregularly finely ribbed, both above and below, ribs about 20-25 in the tenth of an inch ; umbilicus very narrow, covered ; aperture oblique, angularly lunate ; peristome
70 HELIX-THERASIA.
simple, the margins not converging ; columellar margin reflected. Greatest diameter '25, least '2, height '15 inch. (Hutt.)
Dunedin, New Zealand.
• Therasia Valeria HUTT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 183, 202, t. 9, f. N_ H. hypopolia HUTT., Ibid, xiv, p. 151, t. 3, f. B, not of Pfr.
Differs from thaisa in the narrow umbilicus, from ophelia in being ribbed. My figures were drawn by Mr. Suter from Prof. Mutton's type.
G. OPHELIA Pfr. (Manual II, p. 211.)
B. Narrowly umbilicated species.
G. TAMORA Hutton. PI. 22, figs. 49, 50, 51.
Shell small, conical, umbilicated, with membranous plaits; color horny-brown. Spire conical, rather acute ; periphery subangled . suture impressed ; whorls 5-6, rather flattened, finely striated and with irregular distant membranous ribs, easily rubbed off; umbilicus narrow but open ; aperture transversely oval ; peristome thin, the margins converging. (Hutt.') Alt. 2'5, diam. 4 mill.
Auckland, New Zealand.
Therasia tamora HUTTON, Tr. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 182, 202.
Differs from celinde in the open umbilicus, and from decidua in being more conical and smaller. My figure is from the type.
G. THAISA Hutton. Vol. IX, PL 3, figs. 14, 15, 16.
Shell rather solid, depressed, umbilicated, striated ; color pale brown, usually irregularly banded and marked with reddish-brown. Spire conoidal, obtuse; whorls 5-5£, slowly increasing, rather flat- tened, more or less obscurely angled, strongly but irregularly striated ; suture impressed ; umbilicus rather narrow, about one-seventh of the least diameter of the shell; aperture rather oblique, rotundly lunate; peristome thin, the columellar margin rapidly ascending and rather reflexed. Greatest diameter '4, least '35 height '28 inch.
Animal elongated ; the foot long and narrow, reaching beyond the shell, rounded behind, slightly truncated and with a mucus gland situated under a caudal papilla. Mantle subcentral, included ; body roughish ; peduncles long, cylindrical, approximated at their bases; tentacles moderate. Top of the head yellowish-white, peduncles, tentacles, and a line down each side of the head dark gray ; a broad longitudinal band of white, with a dark gray line
HELIX-THALASSOHELIX. 71
in the center, runs along each side, and below the band the foot is edged with alternate broad gray and narrow white tranverse bands. (HutQ
Auckland, Napier, Wellington, North Island; and Waipara, Wai- taki, Queenstown, Dunedin, Lake Guyon, Waiau, Southland, South Island, N. Z.
Therasia thaisa HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 182, t. 9, f. M, t. 11, f. T (jaw and dentition). — Helix ophelia Rve., non Pfr.
A common species in limestone districts of the South Island. My figures were drawn by Mr. Suter from the type.
G. DECIDUA Pfeiffer. PI. 22, figs. 52, 53, 54.
Shell depressed, subglobose, thin and fragile, narrowly umbili- cated. Surface having oblique striae and very fine, close spiral stria?. Brownish-horny, obscurely marked with brown, subtranslucent.
Spire low-conoid, apex obtuse. Whorls 5, the last obtusely angled above the middle. Aperture somewhat oblique, round- lunate ; peristome thin, simple, expanded at the umbilicus.
Alt. 6, diam. 82 mill.
Auckland; Wangaruru, N. Z.
H. decidua Pfr., Monogr. iv, p. 71. — Therasia decidua HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 203.
G. TRAVERSI E. A. Smith. (Vol. II, p. 214.)
Allied to the last, but more distinctly marked with brown and with more acute carina.
Section THALASSOHELIX Pilsbry.
Thalassohelix PILS., The Nautilus, Sept. 5,. 1892, p. 56, type H. zelandice. — Thalassia of HUTTON and other New Zealand authors. — ?? Thalassia ALBERS, Die Hel. 1860, p. 59. Not Thalassia Chevrolat, 1834, a genus of Coleoptera.
It is somewhat doubtful whether the New Zealand species belong to Thalassia of Albers, if we restrict that group to species similar to its type, H. subrugata Pfr., of Australia. This species presents certain conchological features which would cause me to separate it from the following New Zealand forms, even if a change of the name were not necessary on the ground of preoccupation.
72 HELIX-PYRRHA.
G. PORTIA Gray. (Vol. II, p. 213.)
G. LAMBDA Pfr. (Vol. I, p. 129.) H. ignifiua of Rve. is a synonym.
G. PROPINQUA Hutton. PI. 22, figs. 55, 56, 57.
Shell depressed, striated, narrowly umbilicated ; color pale horny with numerous narrow zigzag red bands, which are often broken up into a series of spots. Spire convexly conoidal, apex obtuse ; whorls 4-5, rather flattened, the first two smooth, the rest very strongly striated with oblique growth lines ; last whorl carinated, the base rounded; suture impressed; umbilicus narrow; aperture oblique, rotundly lunate, anteriorly subangled ; peristome thin, the colu- mellar margin reflected. Greatest diameter 0*24, least O2, height 0'16 inch. Dentition 21-1-21. (Hutt.)
North Island of New Zealand at Auckland and Hawke's Bay ; South Island at Weka Pass and Southland.
Thalassia (/) propinqua HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, 1882, p. 137 (1883).— T. propinqua HUTT., Trans, xvi, p. 169, t. 10, f. G, t. 11, f. V (dentition and jaw) ; p. 203.
Allied to H. zelandice but less acutely keeled, more strongly striated and differently colored. My figures are drawn from the type.
G. ZELANDI.E Gray. (Vol. II, p. 214.)
G. OBNUBILA Keeve. (Vol. I, p. 120.) H. sigma Pfr. MS. is a synonym.
Section PYRRHA Hutton, 1884.
Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 200. G. CRESSIDA Hutton. Vol. IX, PL 3, figs. 17, 18, 19.
Shell turbinate, depressed, thin, translucent, striated, umbilicus covered ; fulvous-horny, spire convex ; whorls 5i, slowly increasing, rounded, shining, finely irregularly striated or plaited ; suture impressed ; umbilicus very narrow, covered by the peristome ; aperture slightly oblique, Innately rotund ; peristome thin, regu- larly arched, the columellar margins slightly thickened and reflected over the umbilicus. Greatest diameter '48, least *38, height '33 inch. (Hutt.)
Wellington, N. Isl.; and Preservation Inlet, Haast River, South- land and Greymouth, S. Island, New Zealand.
HELIX-CALYMNA. 73
P/eifferia (/) cressida HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 178, t. 9, f. X, t. 11, f . N (jaw and dentition). — Pyrrha cressida HUTT., I. c., p. 200.
In this species the shell is seen, under the microscope, to be finely obliquely reticulated, the crossing strise having diagonal directions. I formerly mistook it for H. guttula but in that species the shell is described as very smooth, with an inconsiderable, submarginated suture, and the last whorl as callous beneath, in all of which points it differs from our species.
H. GUTTULA Pfeiffer. (Vol. II, p. 211.) This is said by Suter to be no New Zealand shell, but probably from Mauritius (Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiv, p. 281).
Section CALYMNA Hutton, 1883.
Calymna HUTTON, Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1883, p. 199, -f Amphidoxa Hutton and Suter. Not Amphidoxa Albers, 1850.
It is difficult to see why the New Zealand species have been referred to the South American group Amphidoxa. I have com- pared specimens of the shells, which seem to be sufficiently distinct ; and we have no reason to believe that the anatomy will prove iden- tical. Those who advocate a former land connection between South America and New Zealand may consider this a sufficient reason for uniting the species of New Zealand and Juan Fernandez in one group, without a comparison of either shells or anatomy ; but con- servative malacologists will demand more evidence before accepting either the malacological or the geographical theory.
Calymna was proposed to include the species with ribbed whorls, the type being C. costulata Hutton ; but the smoother forms (which New Zealand writers refer to Amphidoxa) will also be included in Hutton's group, as they do not differ in anatomy, and the difference in shell characters is not sufficient for sectional separation.
A. Whorls ribbed. Typical Calymna. G. COSTULATA Hutton. Vol. IX, PI. 3, figs. 20, 21, 22.
Shell small, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, shining but not polished, ribbed ; color pale horny, longitudinally banded with reddish, the bands absent on the last half of the last whorl. Spire almost flat, whorls 3J, rapidly increasing, rounded, ornamented with fine spiral striatulations and close ribs, about 40 to 45 in the tenth of an inch,
74 HELIX-CALYMNA.
the interstices very finely reticulated ; suture impressed ; umbilicus a narrow perforation at the bottom of a broad funnel-shaped depres- sion, which is ribbed like the rest of the whorls ; aperture oblique, transversely ovate ; peristome thin, regularly arched. Greatest diameter 014, least O'l. Dentition 14-1-14. (Hutt.*)
Province of Auckland, New Zealand.
Amphidoxa costulata HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1882, p. 136; L c., 1883, p. 171, t. 10, f. A (dentition).— A. (Calymna) costulata HUTTON, L c., 1883, p. 199. — Calymna costulata SUTER, L c., 1891, p. 277.
Distinguished by its ribbing and spiral striation. The figures were drawn by Mr. Suter from Prof. Button's type.
G. LAVINIA Hutton. Unfigured.
Shell subdiscoidal, umbilicated, ribbed ; color yellow-horny, mot- tled with rufous on the upper side. Spire flat ; periphery rounded ; suture scarcely impressed; whorls 3-1, rapidly increasing, rather flattened above, rounded below ; upper surface not shining, evenly and closely ribbed, ribs about 18 in the tenth of an inch; lower surface smooth, shining, longitudinally striated and irregularly spirally striatulated ; umbilicus moderate, showing all the whorls ; aperture oblique, rotundly lunar; peristome thin, the margins approaching; columellar margin not reflected.
Greatest diameter '5, least '4, height '25 inch. (Hutt.)
Palmerston; Wellington, N. Z.
A. lavinia HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1883, p. 180, 199.
Umbilicus wider than in A. costulata, and ribbing coarser, besides being much larger.
G. FEREDAYI Suter. PL 22, figs. 58, 59, 60.
Shell small, globosely depressed, imperforate, shining, pale-horny, without markings, thin, transparent ; with fine ribs, arcuated on the surface and disappearing beneath, about 25 to 30 in the tenth of an inch (10-12 per mm.). Spire short, obtuse. Whorls 3-1, rapidly increasing, rounded. Suture impressed. Aperture oblique, rotundly ovate. Peristome thin, straight, regularly arched, the upper part advancing. Columellar margin somewhat bent to the left, not reflexed. Margins approximating. Umbilical region infundibuli- form, imperforate. Diameter 0'14 in. (3'5 mm.), height O'OS in.
(2 mm.). (Suter.)
Hastwfill, Forty-mile Bush, North Inland, N. Z.
HEL1X-CALYMNA. 75
Amphidoxa ( Calymna) feredayi SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 91, t. 18, f. 10 a, b (shell), Q, R (deDtition and jaw).
G. OLIVACEA Suter. PL 22, figs. 61, 62, 63.
Shell glohosely depressed, perforated, shining, pale yellow-olive, without markings, thin and transparent, with very close-set arcu- ated ribs, which are flatly rounded, about 10 per mm., interrupted on the surface with several distinct spiral grooves. Spire slightly ele- vated, obtuse; apex smooth. Whorls 3, rather rapidly increasing, rounded, the last slightly flattened on the surface, rounded on the base. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, rotundly ovate, slightly excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome very thin, straight, regularly arched, the upper part advancing. Columellar margin not reflected, sharp, vertically slightly arcuated ; outer margin strongly arched, the margins approximating. Umbilicus very narrow, not deep; umbilical region infundibuliform, faintly striated.
Alt. 3'}, greater diam. 5, lesser 4 mill. (Suter.}
Hilly er1 8 Creek, near Auckland, N. Z.
Amphidoxa (Calymna) olivacea SUTER, Tr. N.. Z. Inst. 1891, p. 290, t. 21, f. 13 a, b (shell), 14, 15 (jaw and dentition).
B. Shell smooth, polished.
G. OMEGA Pfr. (H. compressivoluta Rv.). Vol. I, p. 128. G. CORNEA Hutton. PI. 22, figs. 64, 65, 66.
Shell thin, depressed, imperforate, striated, translucent; color pale horny. Spire slightly convex ; whorls 2|, rapidly increasing, rounded, smooth, polished, finely striated with growth lines; suture impressed; aperture very oblique, transversely oval; peristome thin, regularly arched, columellar lip slightly reflected. Greatest diam- eter 0'25, least Q~2. Dentition 17-1-17.
From A. compressivoluta this shell may be distinguished by the whorls being convex instead of flattened ; from the other New Zealand species of Amphidoxa by being imperforate, and of a pale horny color without markings and without ribs. The mantle of the animal is marbled with black, which shows through the shell/ (Butt.-)
Auckland, N. Z.
Amphidoxa cornea HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, p. 136, 1882 ; /. c., 1883, p. 171, t. 10, f. A (dentition).
My figures were drawn by Mr. Suter from Prof. Button's type.
76 HELIX-CALYMNA.
G. CORNEOFULVA Pfeiffer. PL 22, figs. 67, 68, 69.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, suborbicular, thin, lightly striat late, distinctly so toward the sutures, shining, pellucid, corneous- tawny ; spire slightly elevated ; suture impressed ; whorls 5, slightly convex, regularly increasing, the last subdepressed-rounded. Umbil- icus narrow, slightly exceeding one-sixth the diameter of the shell. Aperture little oblique, rotund-lunar; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, the columellar margin arcuately sloping, slightly dilated above. Alt. 4£, greater diam. 9-}, lesser 8i mill. (Pfr.)
New Zealand (Hochstetter).
H. eorneofulva PFR., Mai. Bl. viii, 1861, p. 148 ; Novit. Conch, iii, p. 325, t. 78, f. 11-13. — Ampidoxa eorneofulva SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1891, p. 287, t. 20, f. 5 a, b (shell), 6, 7 (jaw and dentition).
This species was referred by Hutton to Hyalina cellaria, but Suter has identified it with specimens of a Calymna from Nerger Range, South Island, IS". Z.
G. ZEBRA Le Guillon, 1842. (See P. phlogophora, vol. I, p. 128.) Hutton is doubtless correct in including as synonyms H. phloyo- phora Pfr., 1849; H. flammigera Pfr., 1852; H. multilimbata H. & J., 1854.
G. JACQUENETTA Hutton. PL 22, figs. 70, 71, 72.
Shell perforate, flattened, keeled ; color pale brown. Spire flat, or very slightly convex ; whorls 2i, rapidly increasing, very slightly convex, the last acutely keeled and rounded on the lower surface; smooth, delicately striated with growth lines, the surface very finely and irregularly diagonally reticulated, and crossed with faint dis- tant spiral stria3 ; suture impressed ; umbilicus very narrow ; aper- ture (?). Greatest diameter *2, least "12, height *06 inch. (Hutton.)
Greymouth, New Zealand.
Amphidoxa jacquenetta HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 179, t. 10, f. C (dentition).
Distinguished by its keeled whorls. My figures are from draw- ings of Prof. Hutton's type, furnished by Mr. Suter.
G. PERDITA Hutton. PL 22, figs. 73, 74, 75.
Shell thin, shining, pellucid, depressed, umbilicated ; color pale olive-horny. Spire convex; whorls 35-4, rapidly increasing, rounded, finely irregularly striated; suture deeply impressed; umbilicus narrow, pervious; aperture oblique, Innately circular;
HELIX-CARTH^EA. 77
peristome thin, the right margin joined closely to the next whorl. Greatest diameter '23, least *2, height '18 inch.
The shell differs from H. chiron in being higher, the umbilicus narrower, and the right margin of the peristome not advancing. From H. novarce it differs in being striated, in the suture being impressed and the spire convex. From A. cornea it differs in being umbilicated.
Animal with the mantle central, slightly reflected over the per- istome of the shell ; tail pointed, depressed, with a mucus gland. Color dark slate-gray, the mantle marbled with black and white ; sole of the foot dirty yellowish. (JEZiift.)
Auckland, Wanganui and Wellington, North Island ; Greymouth, South Island, New Zealand.
Amphidoxa perdita HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 179, t. 11, f. C and Q (dentition and jaw).
G. CHIRON Gray. (Vol. I, p. 129.)
The specimens from Ohaupo, collected by Mr. Chas. T. Mousson, and of which I give figures (pi. 22, figs. 76, 77, 78), are so strongly plaited that I first took them for a new species, closely allied to A. chiron ; but the dentition is decidedly that of the species mentioned, as described and figured by Professor F. W. Hutton in Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. XVI. This species seems to vary very much with regard to the plaits. Specimens I collected in the Forty-mile Bush show almost no trace of plaits, but only well developed growth lines. The shells from Ohaupo correspond with Gray's description, though I should not call them plaited, but ribbed. A. chiron may be con- sidered as an intermediate form between Amphidoxa s. str. and the subgenus Calymna Hutton, which includes the forms with ribbed whorls. (Suter.)
G. CREBRIFLAMMIS Pfr. (Vol. I, p. 130).
CARTH^A (vol. Ill, p. 37). The position of this group is uncertain.
H. FLOSCULUS Cox. PL 22, figs. 79, 80, 81.
Shell depressed-trochiform, imperforate, thin but solid, carinated at the periphery. Color variable ; either (1) alternately streaked with brown or corneous and cream-white, or (2) chestnut-brown above and below, having a creamy peripheral line and columellar
78 HELIX-PATULA.
spot, or (3) streaked, and having a dark band just below the periph- ery. Surface nearly smooth.
Spire lovv-conoidal, apex obtuse ; whorls 5, very slightly convex, the last not descending in front, narrowly excavated at the axis. Aperture oblique, lunate, white and dark within ; peristome thin and simple, very shortly reflexed at the columellar insertion.
Alt. 7, diam. 10 mill.
Norfolk Island.
H.floseulus Cox, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 695 ; Journ. de Conchyl. 1866, p. 48.— PFR., Monogr. v, p. 128.
This species has much resemblance in form and color to H. kirn Gray, of New Zealand ; and it probably belongs to the same genus, although it may prove to be a Nanina.
Genus PATULA (vol. Ill, p. 19).
P. VIRIDESCENS Melvill & Ponsonby. PI. 30, fig. 32.
Shell profoundly, broadly umbilicated, thin, flat depressed, whit- ish, covered with a corneous cuticle. Whorls 3, rapidly increasing, smooth, shining; the last whorl large, subeffuse. Aperture lunar- ovate, oblique ; peristome simple, thin. Alt. 2, diam. 5 mill. (M. & P.)
Pretoria, Transvaal.
H. (Patula) viridescens M. & P., Ann. and Mag. N. H. (6), viii, p. 238; 1. e., vol. ix, t. 4, f. 1.
A small shell with olivaceous epidermis and of simple character.
P. SPURCA Sowerby. PL 36, figs. 1, 2.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, suborbicular, thin, whitish variega- ted with rufous, hardly shining; spire little elevated, obtuse at apex; whorls 5, a little convex, regularly and slowly increasing, striated with oblique, flexuous, close growth lines; last whorl rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front; aperture wide-lunate, simple, scarcely toothed or li rate; peristome thin, the columellar margin slightly expanded and reflexed.
Alt. Sit, greater diam. 5, lesser 4s mill.; aperture 2i long, 1§ wide. (Smith.)
Siigarloaf Hill and Quarry, St. Helena (extinct).
Helix spurca SOWB., in appendix to Darwin's Geol. Obs. on the Volcanic Islands, etc., p. 157. — FORBES, Journ. Geol. Soc.
HELIX-PATULA. 79
Lond. viii, p. 199, t. 5, f. 10. — Hyalina spurca WOLLASTON, Test. Atl. p. 534.— Patula spurca SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 260, t. 21, f. 1, la.
In some specimens the spire is more elevated than in others, and occasionally the apex is scarcely raised above the last whorl. The majority of the examples examined have to a great extent lost their original color and are now of a uniform whitish tint ; but a few from Sugar loaf Ridge, which have the appearance of live shells, look of a pale reddish color to the naked eye, but when viewed under a lens it is seen that they are variegated with irregular radi- ating blotches of red and white intermingled. The lines of growth are distinct, finely hair-like, arcuate and oblique on the upper sur- face and gently undulating on the body whorl. The umbilicus is deep but narrow, equalling about one-fifth the diameter of the base. (Smith.')
P. DIAN.E Pfeiffer. PL 36, figs. 3, 4, 5.
Shell umbilicated, depressed, discoidal, rather thin, closely stri- ated and irregularly varicose, slightly shining, black-brown ; spire plane; whorls 4, convex; the last not descending, subdepressed- rotund ; umbilicus one-fourth the diameter. Aperture suboblique, lunate-circular; peristome simple, straight, margins converging, the columella a little dilated above. Alt. 2, greater diam. 41, lesser 4 mill. (P/r.)
Diana's Peak, St. Helena (living).
Helix diance PFR., Mai. Bl. 1856, p. 206; Monogr. iv, p. 103.— Hyalina diance WOLL., Test. Atl. p. 534. — Patula diance SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 261, t. 21, f. 2, 26.
Closely allied to P. spurca.
P. PERSOLUTA Smith. PL 36, figs. 9, 10, 11.
Shell minute, broadly and openly umbilicated, discoidal, planor- biform, pale reddish (?) ; whorls 3->, very convex, separated by a very deep suture, rather rapidly increasing, striated with oblique growth lines; the last whorl tube-shaped, rounded, free from the preceding and descending in front; aperture subcircular, the colu- mellar margin slightly flattened. Alt. 2, greater diam. 3J, lesser 2! mill. (Sm.)
Side Path, St. Helena (extinct).
P. persoluta E. A. SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 261, t. 21, f. 3-36.
80 HELIX-PATULA.
This is a very remarkable little species, at once recognized by its planorbiforra appearance, and the detached anterior portion of the body whorl. The upper whorls do not rise above the last, and the suture is remarkably deep. The umbilicus is very wide and open, permitting the convolutions of the whorls to be observed to the apex. Both of the specimens examined exhibited traces of red towards the apex, and there is every probability of the living shell having exhibited more or less of that tint. (Sw.)
P. L^TISSIMA Smith. PI. 36, figs. 6, 7, 8.
Shell minute, narrowly umbilicated, depressed, subconoid ; white with radiating reddish spots above and below. Whorls 52, slowly increasing, a little convex above, separated by a rather deep suture, striated with strong growth-lines; the last whorl rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front. Aperture half-lunate, tooth- less; peristome thin, simple, the columellar margin dilated; umbil- icus profound, narrow, one-fifth the diameter of the shell.
Alt. 2J, greater diam. 4, lesser 82 mill. ($m.)
Sugar loaf Ridge, near the top, St. Helena (extinct).
P. Icetissima SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 261, t. 21, f. 4-4b.
This little species is remarkable for its small deep umbilicus, the toothless aperture, rather well marked lines of growth, the rounded periphery to the body whorl, and the red color markings. These consist of radiating blotches on the upper surface of the whorls, which become rather angular and wavy on the middle and lower part of the body-whorl. (Sm.)
R APERTA v. Moellendorff. PL 37, figs. 35, 36, 37.
Shell minute, disk-shaped, broadly umbilicated, the umbilicus shallow, showing all the whorls, its width contained 2-1 times in the diameter of the shell. Spire almost flat, composed of 3f , slowly increasing, convex whorls, the last rounded at the periphery, not descending in front. Sculptured with delicate and rather close thread-like rib-striae in the direction of growth lines. Color whitish. Aperture small, oblique, round-lunar; peristome simple, thin, the columellar margin dilated. Alt. 0'55, diam. 1*5 mill.
Montalban, near Manila, Luzon.
The above description and the figures are drawn from specimens kindly furnished by Dr. v. Mollendorff. The species is remarkably depressed, the umbilicus is wider and the aperture smaller than in
HELIX-PATULA. 81
any of the allied forms. The apical whorl seems to be smooth, but I saw no abrupt change in sculpture between it and the following whorls ; the species is therefore a true Patula.
P. LEPTA Westerlund. PL 30, figs. 36, 37, 38.
Shell small, narrowly umbilicated, convex-depressed ; densely and delicately membranaceously-lamellate above and below, scarcely shining, yellowish-corneous, the same color above and beneath. Spire convex, obtuse ; whorls 3-1-4, rather slowly, regularly increas- ing, convex, separated by a profound suture ; the last whorl obtusely angulated above, much more convex beneath, not descending in front. Aperture large, lunate-rounded ; peristome thin, columellar margin widely patulous above. Alt. 1, diam. li mill. (West.)
Nagasaki, Japan.
H. (Patala) lepta WEST., Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskapliga lakttagelser, iv, p. 195, t. 3, f. 7, 1887.
This little species is allied to amllygona Reinh. and flocculus Mor.
H. LEPTOTERA Mabille & Rochebrune. PI. 21, figs. 21, 22, 23.
Shell broadly and perspectively umbilicated, depressed, thin, pel- lucid, very fragile, corneous-rufescent, a little shining, closely rib- striate, and having yellowish streaks here and there. Spire sub- compressed, scarcely projecting, apex very minute, eroded ; whorls 5-6, narrowly convex, regularly and rapidly increasing, separated by a profound suture ; the last whorl large, obscurely angular at its origin, not descending at the aperture, flattened beneath, obtusely angulated around the umbilicus. Aperture small, round-lunate, oblique ; peristome straight, simple, acute, the margins distant.
Alt. 3, greater diam. 5, lesser 4 mill. (M. & R.}
Orange Bay, Patagonia.
Patula leptotera M. & R., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1885-6, p. 123 ; Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, Moll. p. 16, t. 6, f. 6.
H. RIGOPHILA Mabille & Rochebrune. PI. 21, figs. 18, 19, 20.
Shell broadly and perspectively umbilicated, depressed orbiculate, thin, fragile, subpellucid, very sharply striate-costulate ; rufescent ; spire flattened, apex very minute, smooth ; whorls 4, exactly rotund, very rapidly and irregularly increasing, separated by a deeply impressed, but non-canaliculate suture ; the last whorl large, convex- 6
82 HELIX-ENDODONTA.
rotund, not descending in front, a trifle compressed below, obscurely angulated around the umbilicus. Aperture oblique, lunate-rotund, peristome simple, acute, margins subapproximating.
Alt. 3, greater diarn. 6, lesser 5 mill. (M. & R.}
Around Orange Bay, Patagonia, at 100 meters alt.
Patula rigophila MAB., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1885-86, p. 123. — M. & R., Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, p. 17, t. 6, f. 7.
Unfigured species.
Patula (Discus} brunnescens v. Mlldff. Tenimber Is. (Timor- laut). Nachr.-Bl. D. M. Ges. 1892, p. 87.
Patula digonophora Ancey. Oahu. Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr. 1889, p. 171.
Patula glissoni Ancey. Vate, New Hebrides. Le Naturaliste, Feb., 1889, p. 50. Probably a Charopa.
Patula monstrosa Ancey. Viti-Levu, Vitian Archipelago. Le Naturaliste, 1889, p. 71. (=P> irregularis Mouss., in Mus. God- efFroy, and P. irregularis Garrett, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, not Pat. irregularis C. Semper, teste Ancey). Probably a Char- opa.
Patula pallens Gredler. Nachr. Bl. D. M. Ges. 1890, p. 35. Pa- tong, southwest Hupe, China.
Subgenus ENDODONTA Alb., (Vol. Ill, p. 59.)
Mr. Tryon has included Pitys Pse. (not Beck) in Endodonta, on account of the difficulty of distinguishing the two groups. There can be no doubt that the distinction is rather shadowy, but not more so than the differences between Pitys (Pse.) and Charopa. The supply of names is largely in excess of the natural divisions in this case. It is not improbable that under the head ENDODONTA might be included these sections :—Simplicaria Mouss., Pitys Pse. not Beck, Maoriana Sut., Endodonta Alb., Diaglyptus Pils., Libera Garr., Helenoconcha Pils. It is probably that Charopa and JEschro- domus should also be inserted, in which case they would stand at the head of the preceding list.
P. PHILIPPINENSIS Semper. PL 37, figs. 38, 39, 40.
Shell minute, of an earthy brown color, discoidal, deeply and broadly umbilicated, the umbilicus one-third the diameter of the shell. Spire low-convex, very obtuse, whorls 3-1, the earlier 1J very
HELIX-ENDODONTA. 83
delicately but sharply and distinctly spirally striated ; the remain- ing whorls crossed by delicate but sharp radiating riblets, which at the periphery of the last whorl number about 3* in the space of the tenth of a millimeter. Last whorl rounded, scarcely descending in front. Aperture round-lunar, oblique, having one strong entering lamella on the parietal wall, one at the base of the columella, and two dentiform plicae within the outer lip.
Alt. 0*75, diam, 1'5 mill.
Antipolo Mts. and Montalban near Manila, Luzon; Zebu on the higher Mts.; Banda Is.; Sirisori, on the island of Saparua.
Endodonta philippinensis SEMP., Reis. d. Philippinen, p. 140. — v. MCELL. Jahrb. d. D. Mai. Ges. xiv, p. 272, 1887 ; and Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1890, p. 221. — Endodonta philippinica BCETTGER, Ber. Senck. Nat. Ges. 1891, p. 263.
Semper's description is very poor. The above description and the figures are drawn from Luzon examples kindly transmitted to me by Dr. von Moellendorff. The outer lip-tooth is situated some- what higher in some examples. The specimen reported by Bcettger from Banda Is. measures, alt. I, diam. If mill., and differs from Cebu examples in having the periphery of the last whorl somewhat natter, and the three palatal teeth rather stronger. Two young specimens from Sirisori had the teeth not yet formed, and were a little higher, with the umbilicus somewhat less wide.
P. FUSCOZONATA Beddome. PL 30, figs. 39, 40, 41, 42.
Shell convex, depressed, thin, pale yellowish-brown transversely banded with fuscous bars ; spire scarcely raised, obtuse ; whorls 6, furnished with rather prominent, close, transverse, oblique striations, the suture convex and considerably raised ; the last whorl rather sharply angled at the periphery; umbilicus small but distinct; aperture lunate ; peristome simple, thin ; three elongated lamellae on the parietal wall, which run some way into the shell, two prominent but rather shorter ones opposite on the outer wall, near the um- bilicus and one or two subobsolete ones just beyond these. (BeddJ)
Diam. 3s, height 2i mill.
Koror, Pelew Group.
H. (Endodonta} fuscozonata BEDD., P. Z. S. 1889, p. 116, t. 12, f. 12.
Nearest to H. constricta Semper, but differs considerably in its prominent striation, sharply angled periphery, and raised sutures.
84 HELIX-ENDODONTA.
P. KORORENSIS Beddome. PL 30, figs. 43, 44, 45.
Shell very narrowly umbilicate, thin, somewhat discoid; spire depressed ; color light brown, blotched with a darker shade, trans- versely decussated with about 23 revolving, prominent, thin, wavy ribs, otherwise smooth ; whorls 5, convex ; peristome thin ; aperture lunar circular, furnished with 4 narrow lamellae on the parietal wall and 9 on the opposite exterior wall, all of which run into the shell parallel with the whorl about 4 mill. (Bedd.')
Diam. 5i-6, height 4 mill.
Koror, Pelew Group.
H. (Endodonta) kororensis BEDD., P. Z. S. 1889, p. 116, t. 12, f. 11.
P. TIMANDRA Hutton. PL 24, fig. 21, 22, 23.
Shell small, disk-shaped, the spire flat, inner whorls a trifle sun- ken ; umbilicus broad and shallow; periphery rounded ; color, rich brown, with flames or t> -shaped stripes of whitish. Surface sculp- tured with rather separated riblets, which are sinuous above, nearly straight beneath.
Whorls 4-1, slowly increasing. Aperture slightly oblique, roundly- lunar ; peristome thin, simple, the margins converging, forming about three-fourths of a circle. Parietal wall bearing an entering stout lamella ; basal and outer walls each having a short fold, some- times absent. Alt. 1, diam. 3 mill.
Auckland, New Zealand.
Patula timandra HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 175, 192.— Patula varicosa SUTER, Tr. N. Z. I. 1891, p. 293, t. 22, f. 28, 29 (jaw and teeth, the latter figured from an abnormal specimen, teste Suter.)
This has been said to be a synonym of the Patula varicosa of Pfeiffer (Manual III, p. 23) but it is not that species.
The latter half of the last whorl is depressed below the level of the preceding whorl, but the inner whorls are slightly concave. The teeth are deeply placed within the aperture, and would escape notice unless carefully looked for. The parietal fold seems to be the most constant, being present in young shells. The riblets are markedly sinuous above, and they become subobsolete on the base, increasing a little again as they pass into the wide umbilicus. At the periphery there are five riblets to a millimeter. The following
HELIX-ENDODONTA. 85
species differs in the greater number of teeth and the much finer striation.
This species, with the next two, forms a group intermediate between the toothed Endodonta and the toothless Charopa.
P. JESSICA Hutton. PL 24, figs. 24, 25, 26, 27.
Shell small, discoidal, widely umbilicated, ribbed ; color horny, largely radiately streaked and clouded with reddish-brown, giving a general dark color to the shell. Spire flat or slightly convex, apex often pushed in; whorls 4£ to 5 2, very slowly increasing, rounded, with numerous rather close ribs, which are strongly sinu- ated on the upper surface, but straight and feebler below ; ribs about 36 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices strongly striated with growth-lines, and more or less reticulated with spirals; suture impressed; umbilicus wide, perspective, showing all the whorls ; aper- ture nearly vertical, rotundly lunar ; peristome thin, flatly angled above, then regularly arched, the margins at right angles.
Greatest diameter -17, least '15, alt. '08 inch. (Hutton.')
Bealey, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Patula Jessica HUTTON, Tr. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 174.
P. CRYPTOBIDENS Suter. PI. 24, figs. 28, 29, 30, 31.
Shell very minute, discoidal, umbilicated, cinereous, not shining, very fragile, subtransparent, with very fine and extremely close-set ribs, which are slightly bent forward, but almost straight on the upper surface, and rather sinuated at the periphery, about 85 to 90 in the tenth of an inch (35 per mm.). Spire flat. Whorls 4£, narrow, rounded, regularly increasing, the last not descending. Suture deep, aperture rotundly lunate, subvertical, slightly excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome acute, somewhat flattened at the base, the upper margin advancing. Interior of the aperture with two teeth. There is a callosity on the basal margin, from which to the left rises a stout conical tooth ; another tooth of the same shape is near the middle of the parietal wall. Both teeth are at some dis- tance from the margin. Columellar margin short, arcuated, slightly reflected. Umbilicus broad, perspective, showing all the whorls, about one-third of the diameter. (Suter.)
Alt. 0'75, diam. 1'75 mill.
White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley, South I., New Zealand, among mould in the subalpine bush.
86 HELIX-DIAGLYPTUS.
Pitys cryptobidens SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 89, t. 17, f. 7a-c, (shell), M, N (jaw and dentition.)
Owing to the very poor condition of the radula first examined by Mr. Suter, he considered the teeth zonitoid. This was a mistake, as he subsequently discovered ; the dentition being similiar to Patula.
Section DIAGLYPTUS Pilsbry.
Pitys BECK, Index Molluscorum p. 9, 1837 (name only), type P. oparana B. (undescribed). — MOERCH, Catal. Yoldi, p. 6, 1852 (no description ; H. bilamellata Pfr. mentioned.)
Not Pitys PEASE, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 450.
Shell elevated-trochiform, umbilicated, the two apical whorls spirally striated the remaining whorls strongly ribbed. Aperture armed with a strong entering parietal lamella and two close col- umellar plicae; peristome expanded; columella callously thickened within, ending below in a callous nodule. Type Helix bilamellata Pfr.
This section differs from LAOMA (type H. leimonias) in having the apical whorls spirally striated, the columella strongly calloused within, and the peristome expanded. The anatomy is unknown, but it probably resembles Endodonta rather than Laoma.
There can be little doubt that Beck's subgenus Pitys was founded for the species cited below; but as not a line of description of either the subgenus or the species named by Beck was ever given, we can- not accept the name, the identification of which rests wholly upon its etymology. Pease confused Beck's P. oparana with Anton's H. opanica, and accepting the latter as Beck's type, proceeded to define the group ; but since Pitys Pease is demonstrably different from Pitys Beck, we are compelled to reject his revival of the name. I have given a new name to the present group in order to avoid the confusion incident upon the employment of the name Pitys in a sense new to modern conchologists. It cannot be contended that Pitys should be retained for the group, because no description has ever been given except that of Pease. Pitys will therefore be dropped entirely from nomenclature.
P. BILAMELLATA Pfr. (MANUAL iii, p. 68). Mr. E. A. Smith has changed the name to Patula pagodiformis because bilamellata is preoccupied for a species from St. Helena. See P. Z. S. 1892, p. 262. In case a change is necessary it might have been well to revive the name oparana Beck.
HELIX-MAORIANA. 87
Section MAORIANA Suter.
Strobila BUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 195, 1884, not Stro- bila MORSE. — Huttonella SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 224, 1889, not Huttonella Pfr. — Maoriana SUTER, 1. c. xxiii, p. 96, 1890.
A single species of this interesting group of Endodontoid snails was known at the time Mr. Tryon published the account of Strobila in the MANUAL, and that species was unfigured. I am indebted to Mr. Suter for specimens of several species and figures of the others. Either " Maoria " or " Maorina " would have been better names, the termination used by Mr. Suter having an objectionable adjective form.
The group is not of generic value, as New Zealand authors have supposed. It is simply a moderately well defined section of Endo- donta.
P. LEIODA Hutton. PL 24, figs. 32, 33, 34, 35.
Shell minute, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, ribbed ; color horny with longitudinal bands of pale rufous. Spire almost flat, but very slightly convex ; whorls five, very slowly increasing, rounded, with numerous oblique narrow ribs, about thirty in the .tenth of an inch, the interstices finely striated with growth-lines; suture impressed ; umbilicus rather narrow, about one-sixth the diameter of the shell, nearly cylindrical, margined with brown ; aperture vertical, rather narrow, lunate ; peristome simple, thin, the right lip at first ascend- ing, then descending and sweeping forward, leaving a shallow pos- terior sinus, afterwards regularly arched, columellar margin shortly ascending, rather straight, and slightly reflected over the umbilicus ; interior of the aperture strengthened with seven spiral plaits on the body-whorl, and another, rather distant, on the columella ; parietal wall with ten spiral plaits.
Greatest diameter 0'08, least 007 ; height 0'05.
Animal. — Body elongated, narrow ; eye peduncles long and thick, tentacles moderate ; mantle subcentral, rather anterior, enclosed ; foot very long and narrow, with neither locomotive disc nor caudal gland. Color pale grey, eye peduncles and a stripe on each side of the head purplish; foot pale brown. Dentition, 12-1-12. (HntQ
Greymouth, South L, New Zealand.
Strobila leiodus HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xv, 1882, p. 135.— S. leioda HUTTON, I. c. xvi, p. 166, 195, t. 9, f. P (dentition.)
88 HELIX-MAORIAXA.
The figures of this species, as well as of the others, were drawn by Mr. Suter from the type specimens.
P. WAIRARAPA Suter. PI. 24, figs. 36, 37, 38, 39.
Shell depressed, small, light horny-brown with brown streaks, which are irregular in breadth, faintly shining, fragile, with close and fine ribs, which are somewhat undulating. Ribs about 38 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mill.). Spire little elevated, nearly flat. Whorls 6, slowly increasing, narrow, the last not descending, rounded. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture slightly oblique, lunately rounded, considerably excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight not dilated, acute, margins slightly convergent. Columellar margin riot reflected, descending. Aperture with 16 laminae — 5 on the penultimate whorl, 1 on the columella, and 10 on the palatal wall. Of the laminae on the penultimate whorl the four inferiors are close together, the superior at some distance, all show- ing the same development. The lamina on the columella is more developed, conical. The laminae on the palatal wall are fine, long and nearly regularly distributed over the whole surface. Umbilicus wide, perspective, deep, one-third of the diameter.
Alt. 0-4, diam. 1>75 mill. (Suter.}
Hastwell, Forty mile Bush, North /., New Zealand, under rotten bark in the bush.
Helix ivairarapa SUTER, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 222, t. 14, f. 2a-c. 1889. — Maoriana wairarapa SUTER, 1. c. 1891, p. 298, t. 23 f. 45 (dentition.)
P. PSEUDOLEIODA Suter. PI. 24, figs. 40, 41, 42, 43.
Shell small, globose, yellowish-white, banded with somewhat back- wards directed brown streaks, faintly shining, closely ribbed, ribs on upper surface straight, a little undulating outside; ribs about 38 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mm.). Spire globosely elevated, less rounded at the base. Whorls 6, round, very slowly increasing, the last not descending. Suture pretty deep. Aperture lunately rounded, slightly oblique, excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, not dilated, acute, margins distant, columellar margin slightly descending. Aperture with 12 laminae — 3 on the penultimate whorl, 1 on the columella, and 8 on the palatal wall.
The lowest plait on the penultimate whorl is strongly developed ; the plait on the columella also is relatively large, tongue-shaped; the laminae on the palatal wall are fine, long, the four lower ones
HELIX-MAORIANA. 89
are more approached than the others. Umbilicus very narrow, deep, open. Alt. 1'5, diam. 2*25 mill. (Suter.')
Hastwell and Mauriceville, Forty-mile Bush, North L, Mew Zea- land; under rotten wood and bark in the bush.
Helix pseudoleioda SUTER, Tr. N. Z. I. xxii, p. 221, t. 14, f. la-c. —Maoriana pseudoleioda SUT., 1. c. 1891, p. 298, p. 298, t. 23, f. 43, 44 (jaw and dentition.)
Like P. leioda externally, but having only 12 lamellae in the aperture.
P. HECTORI Suter. PI. 24, figs. 44, 45, 46, 47.
Shell small, depressed, discoidal, light horny-brown with large close brown streaks, not shining, fragile, transparent, closely ribbed, ribs nearly straight, about 38 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mm.). Spire nearly flat. Apex bare of epidermis, light-grey. Whorls 5, very slowly but regularly increasing, rounded, the last not descend- ing. Suture impressed. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome acute, straight, margins convergent. Columellar margin not reflected, descending. Aperture with 14 laminae — 5 on the penultimate whorl, 2 on the columella and 7 on the palatal wall. On the middle of the penul- timate whorl is a stout lamina, which is divided in two by a deep groove, thus getting forked ; the other four smaller laminae are below this one. The laminae on the columella are well developed, the inner one with two or three sharp points, the second high, in the shape of a sharp tooth. The plaits on the palatal wall are rather stout, elevated, not very long, and regularly distributed. Umbilicus broad, deep, perspective, nearly one-third of the diameter.
Alt. 1 to H, diam. 2} mill. (Suter.')
Hastwell, North L, New Zealand ; under rotten bark in the bush.
Helix hectori SUT., Tr. N. Z. I. xxii, p. 222, t. 14, f. 3a-c.— Maor- iana hectori SUT., 1. c. 1891, p. 299, t. 23, f. 46, 47 (jaw and denti- tion.)
P. MICBOUNDULATA Suter. PL 24, figs. 52, 53, 54, 55, 56.
Shell depressed, very small, pale horny, with neat brown streaks which are sometimes sharply undulating, or else forming zigzag lines, but varying in breadth; faintly shining, fragile with very close ribs. Ribs bent a little forward on the surface, then going straight downward — 60 in the tenth of an inch (25 per mill.).
90 HELIX-MAORIANA.
Spire very little elevated, nearly flat; apex bare. Whorls 5, slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descending. Suture impressed. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, more excavated in the upper part by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, margins not convergent, regularly arched, columellar margin descending. Aperture with 13 laminae — 1 on the penultimate whorl, 2 on the columella, and 10 on the palatal wall. The plait on the penultimate whorl is central, high, but rather thin, forked at the top by a deep and large groove. The two laminae on the col- umella are stout, with large base, and both tongue-shaped. The plaits on the palatal wall are fine, long, regularly distributed. Umbilicus deep, broad, nearly one-third of the diameter.
Alt. 1, diam. 1'75 mill. (Suter.}
North Island, N. Z., at Hastwell, under rotten wood and bark ; also at Greymouth.
H. microundulata SUTER, Tr. K Z. Inst. 1889, p. 223, t, 14, f. 4a- d. — Maoriana microundulata SUT., 1. c. 1891, p. 299, t. 23, f. 49, 50 (jaw and dentition.)
P. AORANGI Suter. PI. 24, figs. 48, 49, 50, 51.
Shell small, depressed, globular, yellowish- white, with somewhat irregular chestnut zig-zag or sinuated streaks, faintly shining, thin, transparent. With well developed ribs, nearly straight, about H8 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mill.). Whorls 5£ to 5, slowly increas- ing, rounded. Suture impressed. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, regularly excavated by the penultimate whorl. The last whorl not descending. Aperture straight, acute, margins slightly convergent; columellar margin descending, not reflected. Aperture with 12 laminae — 1 on the penultimate whorl, 2 on the columella, and 9 on the palatal wall. The lamina on the penul- timate whorl is a little above the centre, high, rather thin, and forked by a deep and broad groove. The two laminae on the col- umella are stout, with large base, and tongue shaped, the first rather sharp. The nine lamellae on the palatal wall are fine and long — the five lower ones a little stouter, and separated from the four upper by a somewhat larger interval. Umbilicus deep, perspective, not very broad, about one-quarter of the diameter.
Alt. 1-25, diam. 2 mill. (Suter.')
South I4an<l, N. Z. at Hooker Valley; environs of the Mount Cook Hermitage.
HELIX-HELENOCONCHA. 91
H. aorangi SUTER, Tr. N. Z. I. 1889, p. 223, t. 14 f. 5a-c.— Maoriana aorangi SUT., 1. c. 1891, p. 300, t. 23, f. 51, 52 (jaw and dentition.)
Closely allied to M. microundulata, but larger, more globose, with stronger, more distant ribs. The laminae of the aperture are nearly equal in the two species, but M. aorangi has only nine lamellae upon the palatal wall.
Section HELENOCONCHA Pilsbry. P. BILAMELLATA Sowerby. PL 36, fig. 12. -
Shell orbiculate-depressed, the spire flat ; whorls 7, the last swollen below, angular above. Umbilicus small. Aperture semilunar, angulated at the upper outer part, the outer lip thin ; inner lip bearing two spiral folds, the posterior one larger.
Alt. 31, diam. 81 mill. (Sowb.~)
Between Jamestown and Longwood, along the path, and at the north end of the island, St. Helena.
H. bilamellata G. SOWERBY, append, to Darwin's Geol. Obs. on- Volcanic Is., p. 157. — FORBES, Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. viii, p. 199, t. 5, f. 8 (1852). — Patula bilamellata WOLLASTON, Test. Atlant., p. 537. — Patula bilamellata var. unilamellata SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 262, t. 21, f. 5.— (Not H. bilamellata PFR., Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1845, p. 84; Couchyl. Cab., t. 101, f. 16-18; Monographia i, p. 188.)
The spire is flat, and marked with irregular reddish rays.
Var. unilamellata Smith. Aperture with the lower parietal lamella wanting.
Sugarloaf Ridge, St. Helena.
P. VERNONI Smith. PI. 36, figs. 13, 14, 15.
Shell narrowly perforated, depressed discoidal, flattened above, acutely carinated at the periphery, white, radiated with rufous above and beneath ; whorls 6, slowly increasing, slightly convex, striated with delicate growth-lines ; the last whorl acutely carinated, slightly compressed above and below the carina, hardly descending in front, painted below with undulating rufous rays, delicately radiately striated. Aperture small, subrhomboidal, provided with a delicate entering parietal lira ; peristome simple, thin, slightly thickened to- ward the umbilicus.
Alt. 4, greater diam. 12, lesser 11 mill. (Sm.)
Side Path, St. Helena (extinct.)
92 HELIX-HELENOCONCHA.
Patula (Endodonta) vernoni SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 262, t. 21, f. 6-66.
This species is at once recognized by its very flat spire, the com- pressed very acute keel, the minute umbilicus, the single fine liration upon the upper part of the body- whorl, running within the aperture, and the style of coloring. The red rays upon both the upper and lower surfaces are more or less wavy and interrupted. There is no other sculpture excepting the fine lines of growth which cross the upper surface of the whorls obliquely and are a little flexuous beneath. The body-whorl has a more distinct impressidn below the keel than above it. I have much pleasure in naming this very dis- tinct species after my late friend, T. Vernon Wollaston, whose work Testacea Atlantica is one of the most accurate and complete hitherto published upon any Molluscan fauna. (Smith.')
P. BIPLICATA Sowerby. Unfigured.
Shell orbiculate-depressed ; whorls 5, rounded, striated. Aperture semilunar ; parietal wall having two spiral folds, the upper one larger. Umbilicus large. Alt. 1, diam. 2£ mill. (Sowb.~)
Northern part of St. Helena.
Helix biplicata SOWB. in appendix to Darwin's Geol. Obs. on the Volcanic Is. visited during the Voy. H. M. S. 'Beagle,' p. 158 (1844). — Patula biplicata WOLLASTON, Test. Atlant., p. 538.
This species has been found only in a subfossil condition. It differs from H. bilamellata in the larger umbilicus, more exserted spire, and the rounded, not carinated whorls.
P. PSEUSTES Smith. PI. 36, figs. 16, 17, 18.
Shell conoid, pyramidal, narrowly umbilicated ; whitish, painted above with square spots, below with flames of reddish; whorls 6£, convex, separated by a deep suture, radially delicately costulate, the last whorl rounded at the periphery, sculptured beneath with very delicate flexuous striae ; aperture lunate, oblique, having six unequal denticles within (2 lamelliform, on parietal wall, 3 smaller on the columella, and 1 in the middle of the palate) ; peristome thin, mar- gins remote, the columella slightly dilated.
Alt. 2 it, diam. 33 mill. (Smith.')
Flagstaff Hill, St. Helena (extinct.)
Patula (Endodonta) pseustes SM., P. Z. S. 1892, p, 262, t. 21, f. 1 7-76.
HELIX-HELENOCONCHA. 93
This species has the spire more elevated and conical than the other species of Patula from the island. P. cutteri Pfr. may approach it somewhat, but that species is said to have only two parietal lamella, and two basal denticles near the columella. The present species has an additional basal denticle, and a prominent thin palatal lamella, which falls as it were between the two on the inner or parietal side of the aperture. (Smith.')
P. CUTTERI Pfr. Unfigured.
Shell perforate, conoid-depressed, thin, rather closely chordate- costate, scarcely shining, chestnut colored, tessellated with buff above, obsoletely undulately streaked below ; spire shortly conoid, vertex minute. Whorls 5*, convex, the last not descending, the base a little convex. Aperture slightly oblique, lunar, having two acute entering parietal laminae, and two dentiform basal ones, at the columella ; peristome simple, straight, margins remote, the colu- mellar margin slightly dilated above.
Alt. 2-5, diam. 4'75 mill. (Pfr.)
Diana's Peak, St. Helena (living).
H. cutteri PFR., Mai. Bl. 1856, p. 206; Monogr. iv, p. 155.— Patula (Endodonta) cutteri SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 263.
A small species, unknown to me, apparently similar in general features to the preceding, but with only four teeth within the aper- ture, two parietal and two basal near the columella, more narrowly umbilicated and probably more strongly sculptured. (Sm.)
P. POLYODON Sowerby. PI. 36, figs. 19, 20, 21, 22.
See MANUAL III, p. 62. Smith writes as follows : This is the most widely umbilicated of all the species of Patula from St. Helena, and this feature alone is sufficient to distinguish it from the rest. The whorls also, in adult shells eight to nine in number, enlarge very slowly. The striae are fine, regular, arcuately oblique above, and slightly wavy on the last whorl. There are three parietal lirse extending far within the aperture, of which the upper and lower are neajrly always double. The plicae within the outer lip are almost invariably (in adult shells) seven in number, subequidistant, but not of equal thickness, two or three towards the columella being stouter than the rest, which are slender and extend some distance within. Diam. maj. 51 mill., min. 5, alt. 2£. Side Path, Sugar loaf Quarry, Sugarloaf Ridge, St. Helena (extinct.)
94 HELIX-HELENOCONCHA.
The species to which the foregoing remarks apply is. certainly the Helix alexandri of Forbes, for in the British Museum there are spec- imens of it presented by Mr. Alexander, who also furnished Forbes with the shells he described. Moreover the description is fairly applicable, especially that portion of it referring to the umbilicus, which is described as " maximus." It is much less certain that this is the H. polyodon of Sowerby, but as Mr. Wollaston has united these species as well as H. helenensis (Forbes) Pfeiffer, it will prob- ably be advisable to acquiesce in this decision. There are however, certain differences in the descriptions, which seem to indicate that more than one species was described by these authors, for instance : — H. polyodon is said to consist of six striated whorls, with three parietal and five palatal lirse, and a moderate sized umbilicus, whereas H. alexandri is described as having seven strongly striated whorls, three parietal and eight palatal line, and a very large um- bilicus. H. helenensis is characterized as possessing eight very nar- row closely costate whorls, and only two parietal lirse and the same number within the outer lip. Pfeiffer states that H. helenensis was described by Forbes in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1851, and this state- ment is copied both by Reeve and Wollaston. This appears to be an error, for after a careful search, I have been unable to discover in any publication the description by Forbes of any species of Helix under that name. (Smith.')
P. MINUTISSIMA Smith. PL 36, figs. 23, 24, 25, 26.
Shell conoid-depressed, moderately widely umbilicated, maculated and variegated with \yhite and reddish; spire slightly elevated, obtuse above ; whorls 7, the earlier two smooth, pale rufescent, the rest sliarhtly convex, ornamented with delicate, oblique, arcuate liru- Ise, flexuous on the last whorl, which is rounded or sometimes obsoletely angled at the periphery, hardly descending in front. Aperture oblique, semi-lunate; parietal lamellae 6 in mature, 4 or 5 in younger shells ; palatal plicae 8-10 ; peristome thin, columellar margin expanded. Alt. 2}, greater diam. 4;1, lesser 4-> mill. ($m.)
Sugar loaf Ridge, St. Helena (extinct).
Patula (Endodonia) minutissima SMITH, P. Z. S. 1892, p. 264, t. 21, f. 9-9c.
This species is smaller than P. polyodon, more narrowly umbili- cated, has fewer whorls, coarser and more remote striae, and a dif- ferent armature within the aperture. In full-grown shells there are
HELIX-HELENOCONCHA. 95
as many as six parietal line, as it were, in two groups of three. They are very fine and extend a long way within. The plicae within, the outer lip vary apparently from seven or eight to ten or eleven, and some of them are more prominent than others. The red markings take the form of radiating blotches on the upper sur- face ; and more undulating or zigzag streaks beneath. (Sm.)
P. LEPTALEA Smith. PI. 36, figs. 27, 28, 29, 30.
Shell orbicular, depressed, broadly umbilicated ; whitish, varie- gated with rufous; spire slightly elevated; whorls 5, the first 1? smooth, the rest slightly convex, very delicately arcuately striated, slowly increasing ; the last whorl rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front ; aperture oblique, semi-lunate; parietal lamel- lae 3 (the upper and middle ones double), thin, deeply entering; palatal plicae about 6. Alt. H, greater diam. 3i, lesser 3 mill. (Smith.)
Sugarloaf Quarry, St. Helena (extinct).
Patula leptalea SM., P. Z. S. 1892, p. 264, t. 21, f. 10-10c.
This species is much smaller than P. polyodon and not quite so large as P. minutissima ; it is flatter than either, much more finely striated than the latter and has a different oral armature from both. The parietal lirae are unequal in size, that nearest the columella being the smallest. The two others are about equal and double, and between, occasionally, a very small and slender intermediate lira is observable. (Sm.*)
Unfigured species of Pitys and Endodonta.
Pitys elisce Ancey. Sandwich Is? Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr. 1889, p. 180.
Pitys hamyana Ancey. Gambier Is. Le Naturaliste, 1889, p. 84.
Endodonta apiculata Ancey. Kaui, Sandwich Is. Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr. 1889, p. 188.
Endodonta garretti Ancey. Society Is. Le Naturaliste, 1889, p. 118.
Pitys woapoensis Garrett. Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr. iv, p. 17, 1887. Island of Woapo, Marquesas.
Pitys octolamellata Garrett., t. c., p. 18. Dominique, Marquesas Is.
96 HELIX-CHAROPA.
Pitys marquesana Garrett., i. c., p. 18. Nuka-Hiva, Marquesas Is.
Pitys anceyana Garrett., t. c., p. 19. Dominique, Marquesas Is.
Section CHAROPA Albers, 1860.
The type of Charopa being H. coma Gray, it becomes necessary, as Suter has shown, to use that name in a subgeneric sense, for the Australo-Oceanic Patulse, which, although similar enough in general appearance to the smaller species of Patula the world over, still possess a few characters worthy of note. The spire has a tendency to become flattened, or sometimes even concave, quite as in Diplom- phalus ; and the upper termination of the peristome recedes more or less, forming a notch or sinus at the superior angle of the mouth. These characters, although of no very great importance, and vary- ing greatly in degree of development in the different species, may still be held sufficient to justify the separation of Charopa as a sec- tion of Patula, pending the examination of the soft parts of the animal. The separation of Charopa from Pitys and the allied forms with toothed apertures, is at present artificial, and founded wholly upon the presence or absence of teeth or folds within the aperture.
The figured species have been described by Tryon in vol. Ill, p. 22, 23, 24. The following were not included there :
(1. Species of New Zealand.)
P. COMA Gray. Vol. IX, PI. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3.
See vol. Ill, p. 22.
Var. globosa Suter. Has the general appearance of P. lucetta, but the umbilicus is wider and the ribs more distant.
Alt. -16 inch.
Near Hastwell, N. Island, X. Z.
P. LUCETTA Hutton (Vol. Ill, p. 22). P.'stokesii'E. A. Smith is a synonym according to Mr. Suter.
P. ETA Pfr. (Ill, p. 24.) Var. maculata Suter.
Shell agrees in almost every respect with the type of the species, but the white epidermis is adorned with rufous radiate streaks at very irregular distances and from narrow to broad. There are about 50 ribs in the tenth of an inch (20 per mm.) whilst the species, according to Professor Hutton, has only 40 ; but I do not think this
HELIX-CHAROPA. 97
to be of much value for distinguishing the variety. According to my observations, P. corniculum varies considerably in the number of the ribs in different localities. I collected specimens in the Forty mile Bush with about 50 ribs in the tenth of an inch, and near Wellington with less than 40. Diam. 2*75, height 1'5 mill. (Suter, in Trans. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 89.)
Foot of Sealy Range, Hooker Valley, South Island, N. Z.
P. BIANCA Hutton. PL 37, figs. 41, 42.
Shell minute, discoidal, widely urnbilicated, finely ribbed ; color horny brown, banded with darker. Spire flat, or slightly convex; whorls 4, slowly increasing, rounded, delicately ribbed ; ribs about 55 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices striated ; suture impressed, umbilicus broad, gradated ; aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar; peristome thin, regularly arched; greatest diameter •!, least •09 inch. (Hutt.)
New Zealand : North Island at Auckland, Horokiwi, Wellington and Hastwell; S. Isl. at Greymouth, Bealey and Hooker Valley.
P. bianca HUTT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 175, 192. — SUTER. Trans, xxiv, p. 273, 276, 292, t. 21, f. 20, 21 (jaw and dentition), P. bianca var. montana SUTER, Trans, xxiii, p. 88, t. 17, f. K, L (jaw and dentition).
Var. MONTANA Suter. Shell larger, darker colored without streaks, the ribs coarser and more distant, about 35 in the tenth of an inch, or 14 per mill. Alt. 11, diam. 2| mill.
White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley, S. Island, N. Z. ; under dead leaves and rotten wood in the subalpine bush.
P. bianca is also found in the same locality, but rather scantily, and differing from the type in being never over 2 mill, diam., by having 4 whorls, and by the ribs being more distant, about 50 in- stead of 55 in the tenth of an inch. (Suter.')
P. TAPIRINA Hutton. Vol. IX, PL 4, figs. 4, 5, 6.
Shell subdiscoidal, broadly umbilicated, closely ribbed; color horny brown, sub-radiated with reddish spots. Spire very slightly elevated, flat ; whorls 5M>, slowly increasing, rounded, ornamented with narrow oblique ribs, about 16-20 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices indistinctly striated with growth lines ; suture impressed ; umbilicus about one-fourth the diameter of the shell, funnel-shaped, gradated, pervious ; aperture subvertical, rotundly lunar ; peristome 7
98 HELIX-CHAROPA.
thin, upper margin rapidly advancing and then turning down with a slightly concave sinuation, then regularly arched ; columellar margin not reflected. Greatest diameter 0'19, least 0'16, height 0-07 inch. Dentition 13-1-13. (Button.}
Having compared this species with specimens of the true P. coma from Auckland, I find that it is different, being more closely ribbed, but less closely so than in P. biiccinella and P. infecta. The right lip advances as in P. infecta, but it can be distinguished from that species by the interstices between the ribs appearing almost smooth when viewed by transmitted light, and an inch objective. (Hutton.)
North Island of New Zealand at Auckland, Hasticell, Hawke's £ ay, Master ton and Wellington; South Inland at Greymouth, Temuka, Dunedin and Queenstoivn.
Patula coma HUTT., Tr. K Z. I., xiv, p. 130, t. 3, f. L, not of Gray. — Patula tapirina HUTT., ibid, xv, p. 134, and xvi, p. 193. — P. tapirina f. albina SUTER, ibid, xxiv, p. 273.
P. SYLVIA Hutton.
Shell minute, discoidal, umbilicated, obliquely ribbed ; colors very pale horny with faint thin radiating bands of chestnut on the upper surface. Spire flat or slightly convex; whorls 5-1, very slowly increasing, rounded, with delicate rather distant ribs which are very oblique on the upper surface but transverse to the whorls on the lower surface, ribs about 18 in the tenth of an inch, the interstices rather strongly striated with growth lines ; suture impressed ; umbili- cus rather wide, graduated; aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar; peristome thin, regularly arched, the upper margin advanc- ing.
Greatest diameter '12 ; least '1 ; height '06 inch. (Hutton.')
Auckland, Horokiwi, Forty -mile Bush, and Wellington, Nortli /., Bealey, 8. Isl, New Zealand.
r. sylvia HUTTON, Trans. N. Z. Inst. xvi, p. 175, 193. — SUTER, Ibid, xxiv, p. 273, 278 ; 1891.
Mr. Suter (in lit.) informs me that this is identical with P. tun Pfr.
1*. /.ETA Pfr. (Ill, p. 23.)
Var. IRREGULARIS Suter. PL 19, figs. 13, 14, 15.
Shell depressed, subdiscoidal, yellowish-white, with distant light brown streaks vanishing on the base, slightly shining, rather thin,
HELIX-CHAROPA. 99
transparent ; strongly plaited, plaits directed forwards on the upper surface, and a little undulated, descending ; about 30 in the tenth of an inch (12 per mm.). The rihs are irregularly developed and distant. Spire slightly elevated. Whorls 5 to 5*, narrowly rolled up, very slowly increasing, rounded, the last very slightly descend- ing. Suture not deep; aperture rotundly lunar, but little excava- ted by the penultimate whorl, slightly oblique. Upper margin advancing. Margins straight, convergent, acute ; columellar mar- gin nearly vertically descending. The parietal wall inside a little callous, white. Umbilicus broad, perspective, showing all the whorls, about one-third of the diameter.
Diam. 3, height 1'5 mill. (Sitter.)
Hastwell, Forty-mile Bush, North Island, New Zealand; under rotten logs and dead leaves. Very scarce.
This variety is distinguished from P. infecta by the slightly ele- vated spire, the faint indistinct markings ; it is narrower ribbed, the rihs being irregular in distance and development; there is one-half to one whorl less, and the diameter of the shell is smaller. (Sut.)
Var. ALPESTRIS Suter.
The shell of this variety differs from P. infecta Rv. by its different color, it being cinereous-rufous with only a few pale-horny streaks. The ribs are stouter and more distant, about 18 in the tenth of an inch (7 per mill.). The whorls number only 4£ to 5 ; they are somewhat broader, less rounded, and the suture, in consequence, less impressed. The peristome has no callosity inside.
(Sut., Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1890, p. 88.)
White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley, S. Isl, Neiv Zealand.
P. COLENSOI Suter. PI. 19, figs. 16, 17, 18.
Shell discoidal, yellowish-grey, zigzag streaks of dark brown flow- ing sometimes together, rather solid, transparent, faintly shining ; with strong plaits, directed forwards on the upper surface, slightly undulating on the side ; the interstices striated with growth-lines. Ribs about 20 in the tenth of an inch (8 per mm.). Spire flat. Whorls 5, narrow, slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descend- ing, tapering. Suture deep. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar little excavated by the penultimate whorl, margins convergent. Umbilicus broad, perspective, showing all the whorls, about one-third of the diameter. Diameter, 0*16 in. (4'25 mill.) ; height, 0'09 in. (2-25 mill.) (Stit.)
100 HELIX-CHAROPA.
Forty mile Bush, North Island, New Zealand. P. colemoi SUT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 225, t. 14, f. la, b ; I. c. xxiv, p. 293, t. 21, f. 20, 27 (jaw and dentition.)
Named in honor of the Rev. William Colenso, F. R. S., the dis- coverer of the Unio waikarense. This species is near Pat. infecta Reeve, but differs sufficiently from it to justify the creation of a new species ; the direction of the ribs on the surface is different ; there are only 5 whorls, more rapidly increasing, and the last consider- ably more developed ; the peristome has no callosity ; the umbilicus is a little narrower ; the diameter is greater, the color darker, the ribs coarser and rather more distant. (Sul.)
P. VARIECOSTATA Suter. PI. 19, figs. 19, 20, 21.
Shell discoidal, small, white, with large yellow streaks at regular distances, faintly shining, fragile, transparent, with close, fine ribs, directed forwards on the upper surface and going straight down on the side ; there is alternately one much higher than the next ; interstices striated with growth lines and reticulated with spirals. Ribs about 38 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mm.). Spire flat, only the first whorls a little elevated. Whorls 5, slowly and regu- larly increasing, swollen, the last not descending. Suture very deep. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, but little excava- ted by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, somewhat tapering, columellar margin nearly vertically descending, upper and lower margins strongly arcuated. Umbilicus broad, perspective, about one-third of the diameter. Alt. 1, diam. 1*8 mill. (Suter.)
Mauriceville, North 2., New Zealand.
P. variecostata SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 225, t. 14, f. 8.
P. RARICOSTATA Suter. PI. 19, figs. 22, 23, 24.
Shell small, depressed, subdiscoidal, color dark olive, not shining, fragile, with distant, stout, dark brown ribs, bent backwards on the upper surface and slightly undulating on the side. Ribs about 12 in the tenth of an inch (5 per mill.). Spire slightly elevated. Apex white, bare of epidermis. Whorls 5, slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descending. Suture not deep. Aperture oblique, nearly circular, but very little excavated by the penulti- mate whorl. Margins convergent. Columellar margin slightly reflected, descending vertically. Lower margin strongly arcuated.
HELIX-CHAROPA. 101
Umbilicus broad, deep, showing the last whorls, about one-quarter of the diameter. (Suter) Alt. 1, diam. 2 mill.
Mauriceville, North Island, New Zealand, in the mould under dead leaves ; very scarce.
P. rarieostata SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxii, p. 226, t. 14, f. 9.
The shell is always covered with mud.
P. MUTABILIS Suter. PI. 19, figs. 25, 26, 27.
Shell subdiscoidal, depressed, urnbilicated, white, sometimes horny, irregularly streaked with rufous, but the white form seems to be predominant ; faintly shining, rather thin, transparent ; with sharp, rather distant arcuated plaits, directed strongly forwards on the upper surface, slightly undulating on the side, the interstices with numerous fine growth-lines. Ribs about 13 in the tenth of an inch (5 per mm.). Spire slightly elevated, flat. Whorls 5£, narrowly rolled up, very slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descending. Suture deep. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly-lunar, somewhat excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, tapering, columellar margin straight, not reflected. Umbilicus broad, perspective, showing all the whorls, about one-third of the diameter. Diam. 3, height 1'5 mill. (Suter.)
South Island, N. Z., at White Horse Hill, and foot of Sealy Range, Hooker Valley, under rotten wood, dead leaves, and in mould in the subalpine bush.
P. mutabilis SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxiii, p. 84, t. 16, f. 2, a, I, (shell), B, C (jaw and dentition.)
This species seems to be closely allied to Helix eastboumensis, Beddome and Petterd, from Tasmania, but in the latter the ribs on the upper surface are nearly straight, not arcuated ; the spire is more elevated and not flat, and the umbilicus rather narrower and deeper. But there also occurs a perfectly white and a darker streaked form.
Animal : — Jaw finely striated, arcuated, not tapering, with a slight median projection.
P. STERKIANA Suter. PL 19, figs. 28, 29, 30.
Shell subdiscoidal, depressed, umbilicated, gray-yellowish, with very irregular rufous streaks and dots, sometimes tessellated or forming zigzag lines ; not shining, rather solid, transparent ; with very fine rib-like arcuated striaB, directed forwards on the upper
102 HKLIX-CIIAROPA.
surface, undulating on the side and straight beneath. Ribs about 60 in the tenth of an inch (24 per mill.). Spire but little elevated,- flat. Whorls 5-1 to 6, slowly increasing, rounded, the last slightly descending. Suture rather deep. Aperture oblique, lunately sub- circular, but little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, tapering, margins slightly convergent, columellar margin arcuated, very little expanded. Umbilicus moderate, deep, about one-fourth of the diameter. Diam. 4, height 2 mill. (Suter.) South Island, N. Z. at White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley.
P. sterkiana BUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. 1890, xxiii, p. 85, t. 16, f. 3, a, b (shell), f. D, E (jaw and dentition). — P. sterkiana var. reeftonen- sis and forma major SUT., Trans, xxiv, p. 294, 295.
This species is, in the form of the shell, allied to Patula tapir in a and P. infecta, but is much closer ribbed. (Sitter.')
Forma major. Somewhat larger than typical 8terk!<in<i. Alt. 2-1, diam. 4-1 mill.
Oicaka (Clutha).
Var. REEFTONENSIS Sut.
Considerably smaller, with more distant ribs, of which there are about 15 per millim. ; otherwise like the type. Jaw and radula much as in the type form. At first sight this seems to be intermedi- ate between sterkiana and brouni, but close examination shows it to be more allied to the former, though the ribs are much coarser and more distant. Alt. If, diam. maj. 2f, min. 21 mill.
Boatman's, near Reef ton.
P. BROUNI Suter. PI. 19, figs. 31, 32, 33.
Shell minute, subdiscoidal, umbilicatcd, pale-horny with rather distant dark-horny streaks, forming zig-/ag lines on the periphery and beneath ; not shining, thin and fragile, transparent ; with very fine and close ribs, nearly straight and directed forwards on the upper surface, straight on the side and at the base ; about 60 in the tenth of an inch (24 per mm.). Spire scarcely reaching above the li>st whorl. Whorls 5, narrowly rolled up, slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descending, suture impressed. Aperture slightly oblique, rotundly lunar, but little excavated by the penul- timate whorl. Margins regularly arched, convergent, straight, acute, the outer lip slightly advancing. Columellar margin short arcuated, not reflexed. Umbilicus broad, perspective, one third of the diameter. Diam. 2'25, alt. 1 mill. (Suter.)
HELIX-CHAROPA. 103
South Island, N. Z. at White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley.
Named in honor of Captain Thomas Broun, of Karaka, Drury.
tis shell is closely allied to Pat. sterkiana, and has the same fine ribs, but may at once be distinguished from it by its smaller size, the different markings, and the somewhat different course the ribs take.
P. brouni SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxiii, p. 86, t. 16, f. 4, a, b (shell), f. F. G, (jaw and dentition.) P. SERPENTINULA Suter. PI. 19, figs. 34, 35, 36.
Shell small, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, pale horny, with regular streaks and dots of rufous; not shining, thin, transparent; with sharp, close-set ribs, arcuated and directed forwards on the upper surface, sinuated at the periphery and straight beneath ; about 38 in the tenth of an inch (15 per mill.) Spire scarcely elevated. Whorls 5, rather narrow, regularly increasing, slightly rounded, the last not descending. Suture deep. Aperture subvertical, rotundly lunar, very little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome simple, straight, the upper margin slightly advancing, margins convergent. Columellar margin short, arcuated, not reflexed. Umbilicus large, perspective, showing all the whorls, one- third of the diameter. Diam. 2'5. height T25 mill. (Sut.~)
South Island, New Zealand at White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley.
P. serpentinula SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxiii, p. 87, t. 16, f. 5, a, b (shell), f. H, J (jaw and dentition).
This shell is near Patula sterkiana and P. brouni, but the ribs are more distant. It is finer ribbed than Patula infecta.
P. EREMITA Suter. PI. 19, figs. 37, 38, 39.
Shell very minute, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, pale horny with faint broad streaks of darker horny, silky, fragile, transparent ; with fine and numerous ribs, slightly arcuated and directed forwards on the upper surface, straight on the side and beneath ; about 70 in the tenth of an inch (28 per mm.). Spire minute. Whorls 4£, nar- rowly rolled up, regularly but slowly increasing, rounded, the last not descending. Suture deep. Aperture subvertical, rotundly lunate, but little excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute, regularly arched, margins convergent. Columellar margin short, arcuate, not reflected. Umbilicus broad, perspective, one-third of the diameter. Diam. 2, height 0'75 mill. (Sut.*)
South Island of New Zealand, at White Horse Hill, Hooker Valley.
104 HELIX-CHAROPA.
P. eremita SUT., Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiii, p. 87, t. 17, f. 6, a, b. This shell represents a middle form between Patula infiecta and P. corniculum.
P. BICONCAVA Pfr. (Vol. I, p. 130.)
'This species, hitherto considered an Elcea or a Diplomphalus, has been ascertained by Mr. Suter to agree in jaw and dentition with the normal New Zealand Charopce. The same is true of the follow- ing three species. See Trans. N. Z. Inst. xxiv, 1891, p. 295, pi. 22, f. 30, 31 (jaw and dentition). Mr. Suter found the species in Forty-mile Bush, North Island.
P. SUBANTIALBA Suter. PL 19, figs. 40, 41, 42.
Shell small, discoidal, light horny to white, somewhat shining, fragile, transparent, very closely and finely ribbed ; ribs directed forwards, slightly undulating on the upper surface, straight on the side, about 90 ribs in the tenth of an inch (35 per mill.). Spire deeply concave, infundibuliform. Whorls 5, the first ones very narrovy, the last very large, nearly two-thirds of the diameter ; the inner whorls swollen, the last descending rapidly on the inner side and falling slowly arcuated to the periphery. Suture very deep. Last whorl not descending. Aperture lunar, small, vertical, strongly excavated by the penultimate whorl. Peristome straight, acute ; upper margin narrowly, the lower more widely arcuated. Margins convergent. Umbilicus large, deep, perspective, present- ing nearly the same aspect as the upper surface.
Diam. 1'75, height 0'8 mill. (Suter.)
Hastwell, Mauriceville, Forty-mile Bush, North Island, New Zea- land, damp places, under rotten wood in the bush.
Diplomphalus subantiabla SUT., Tr. N. Z. Inst. xxii p. 226, t. 15, f. 10, a, 6, (shell). — Patula subantialba SUT., I. c. xxiv, p. 21)5, t. 22, f. 32, 33 (jaw and dentition.)
This shell is a good miniature of Helix antialba Beddome, of Tasmania, but differs from it.
P. HUTTONI Suter. PI. 19, figs. 43, 44, 45.
Shell .small, dbooidal, light-horny, with fine well-developed ribs, directed forwards and arcuated on the upper surface, slightly undulated on the periphery; about 40 ribs in the